Understanding the relationship between ecological footprints and renewable energy in BRICS nations: An economic perspective

Abstract

Research focuses on the BRICS nations in particular to examine renewable energy, natural resource richness, and environmental impacts. Human activities are the primary source of ecological deformations. Human capital has not been included in any of the research that has examined this relationship. Hence, this study employs a number of modern facilities and econometric methods to examine the relationship between BRICS countries' natural resources (NR), human capital (HC), renewable energy (RE) and ecological footprint (EF). The study's results show that EF rises with economic expansion and natural resource availability, falls with renewable energy, and doesn't yet reach an optimal level to prevent environmental degradation, regardless of the model used. Economic growth's negative effects on the environment and renewable energy's diminishing role are consistent across countries. More research points to a feedback causal relationship among EF, growing urbanization, and human capital. Sustainable use of natural resources, human capital expansion, and the reduction of urban inconsistencies are some of the topics covered in this policy paper. When applied to environmental problems in developing nations, these findings improve both theoretical comprehension and practical policymaking.