Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.314
Wenzhuo Li , Chenchen Wang , Mengyi Wang , Lei Cheng , Lixian Sun , Puxuan Yan
Monolithic catalyst is very important for the further industrial application of hydrogen production via NaBH4 hydrolysis. Nowadays, the structural stability and catalytic performance of aerogel based monolithic catalysts still need to be further improved. Herein, the amorphous Ru–Co(OH)x@GO particles are synthesized by in-situ growth and transformation of ZIF-67 on the surface of GO, the hydrogen generation rate and activation energy via catalytic NaBH4 hydrolysis can reach 11,062 mL min−1 g−1 and 36.2 kJ mol−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite aerogel of Ru–Co(OH)x@GO, chitosan and carbonylated cellulose nanofiber is prepared by solution blending and freeze drying, and the hydrogen generation rate has 7680 mL min−1 g−1 (retained 69.4%) under the same amount of Ru–Co(OH)x@GO. Furthermore, after high speed catalytic hydrogen generation, the aerogel can still maintain its structural integrity, thus facilitating recovery and reuse, which is attributed to the co-structural coupling of carbonylated cellulose nanofiber and chitosan macromolecule to the skeleton. This work provides a convenient and controllable strategy for the development of monolithic catalysts.
整体催化剂对于通过 NaBH4 水解制氢的进一步工业应用非常重要。目前,气凝胶基整体催化剂的结构稳定性和催化性能仍有待进一步提高。本文通过ZIF-67在GO表面的原位生长和转化合成了无定形的Ru-Co(OH)x@GO颗粒,其催化NaBH4水解产氢速率和活化能分别达到11062 mL min-1 g-1和36.2 kJ mol-1。同时,通过溶液共混和冷冻干燥制备了 Ru-Co(OH)x@GO、壳聚糖和羰基化纤维素纳米纤维的复合气凝胶,在相同的 Ru-Co(OH)x@GO 用量下,制氢率为 7680 mL min-1 g-1(保留率为 69.4%)。此外,气凝胶在高速催化制氢后仍能保持结构的完整性,便于回收和再利用,这得益于羰基化纤维素纳米纤维和壳聚糖大分子与骨架的共结构偶联。这项工作为整体催化剂的开发提供了一种便捷、可控的策略。
{"title":"Robust aerogel of two-dimensional composite microparticle of amorphous ruthenium-cobalt hydroxide and GO for hydrogen generation via NaBH4 hydrolysis","authors":"Wenzhuo Li , Chenchen Wang , Mengyi Wang , Lei Cheng , Lixian Sun , Puxuan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monolithic catalyst is very important for the further industrial application of hydrogen production via NaBH<sub>4</sub> hydrolysis. Nowadays, the structural stability and catalytic performance of aerogel based monolithic catalysts still need to be further improved. Herein, the amorphous Ru–Co(OH)<sub>x</sub>@GO particles are synthesized by <em>in-situ</em> growth and transformation of ZIF-67 on the surface of GO, the hydrogen generation rate and activation energy via catalytic NaBH<sub>4</sub> hydrolysis can reach 11,062 mL min<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and 36.2 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite aerogel of Ru–Co(OH)<sub>x</sub>@GO, chitosan and carbonylated cellulose nanofiber is prepared by solution blending and freeze drying, and the hydrogen generation rate has 7680 mL min<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> (retained 69.4%) under the same amount of Ru–Co(OH)<sub>x</sub>@GO. Furthermore, after high speed catalytic hydrogen generation, the aerogel can still maintain its structural integrity, thus facilitating recovery and reuse, which is attributed to the co-structural coupling of carbonylated cellulose nanofiber and chitosan macromolecule to the skeleton. This work provides a convenient and controllable strategy for the development of monolithic catalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.324
Yamei You , Xinyang Deng , Qian Liu , Yanjun Hou , Shoulei Miao
Although phosphoric acid-doped PBI holds great promise for application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the stabilities of phosphoric acid-doped membranes are compromised due to the low absorption capacity of phosphoric acid, poor solubility and difficulty in processing. In this study, by introducing poly (5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) monomers into the polybenzimidazole main chains, a semi-flexible polybenzimidazole (PBI-QP) was prepared. The mechanical properties of PBI-QP membranes were better than that of PBI membrane. The tensile strength of PBI-QP-20 reached to 130.9 MPa. Compared with PBI, the solubility of PBI-QP has improved significantly. PBI-QP can be easily dissolved in the solvents of DMF, DMSO and formic acid separately at room temperature. All the membranes exhibited super thermal stability. At 800 °C there is still 72% quantity of residue and the thermal stability of PBI-QP can meet the thermal stability requirements of HT-PEMFCs. The membranes of PBI-QP demonstrated high phosphoric acid absorption (ADL 10.5) and enhanced antioxidant properties. The proton conductivity is 64.3 mS∙cm−1 at 170 °C and the peak power density attains an impressive level of 573.6 mW cm−2 at 180 °C. The results indicate that the synthesized HT-PEMs exhibit excellent solubility and impressive peak power density, underscoring their substantial promise for utilization in HT-PEMs.
{"title":"A semi-flexible polybenzimidazole with enhanced comprehensive performance for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Yamei You , Xinyang Deng , Qian Liu , Yanjun Hou , Shoulei Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although phosphoric acid-doped PBI holds great promise for application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the stabilities of phosphoric acid-doped membranes are compromised due to the low absorption capacity of phosphoric acid, poor solubility and difficulty in processing. In this study, by introducing poly (5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) monomers into the polybenzimidazole main chains, a semi-flexible polybenzimidazole (PBI-QP) was prepared. The mechanical properties of PBI-QP membranes were better than that of PBI membrane. The tensile strength of PBI-QP-20 reached to 130.9 MPa. Compared with PBI, the solubility of PBI-QP has improved significantly. PBI-QP can be easily dissolved in the solvents of DMF, DMSO and formic acid separately at room temperature. All the membranes exhibited super thermal stability. At 800 °C there is still 72% quantity of residue and the thermal stability of PBI-QP can meet the thermal stability requirements of HT-PEMFCs. The membranes of PBI-QP demonstrated high phosphoric acid absorption (ADL 10.5) and enhanced antioxidant properties. The proton conductivity is 64.3 mS∙cm<sup>−1</sup> at 170 °C and the peak power density attains an impressive level of 573.6 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 180 °C. The results indicate that the synthesized HT-PEMs exhibit excellent solubility and impressive peak power density, underscoring their substantial promise for utilization in HT-PEMs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141482358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.356
Nurullah Gültekin , Halil Erdi Gülcan , Murat Ciniviz
The hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel mode is an efficient way of lowering exhaust emissions from compression-ignition engines. Along with exhaust emissions, mechanical vibration and noise emissions are also problems for these engines. In dual fuel mode, it is possible to reduce all emissions by using the appropriate injection strategy. In this study, different injection strategies were used in an engine with an ECU-controlled liquid and gas fuel system. In experiments, constant load (5 Nm), constant speed (1850 rpm), constant hydrogen energy ratio (12%), 4 different hydrogen injection pressures (1, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Bar), and 5 different hydrogen injection starts (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 °CA aTDC) were performed. In the study, exhaust, mechanical vibration, and noise emissions were recorded and analysed. When a few of the study's data were looked at, it was determined that CO2 emissions decreased by 33.4% and PM emissions by 40.7% at 25 °CA aTDC injection start and 2.5 bar injection pressure. Under the same experimental conditions, NO emissions increased by 8.7%, mechanical vibration emissions increased by 19.9%, and noise emissions increased by 2 dBA.
{"title":"The impact of hydrogen injection pressure and timing on exhaust, mechanical vibration, and noise emissions in a CI engine fueled with hydrogen-diesel","authors":"Nurullah Gültekin , Halil Erdi Gülcan , Murat Ciniviz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel mode is an efficient way of lowering exhaust emissions from compression-ignition engines. Along with exhaust emissions, mechanical vibration and noise emissions are also problems for these engines. In dual fuel mode, it is possible to reduce all emissions by using the appropriate injection strategy. In this study, different injection strategies were used in an engine with an ECU-controlled liquid and gas fuel system. In experiments, constant load (5 Nm), constant speed (1850 rpm), constant hydrogen energy ratio (12%), 4 different hydrogen injection pressures (1, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Bar), and 5 different hydrogen injection starts (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 °CA aTDC) were performed. In the study, exhaust, mechanical vibration, and noise emissions were recorded and analysed. When a few of the study's data were looked at, it was determined that CO<sub>2</sub> emissions decreased by 33.4% and PM emissions by 40.7% at 25 °CA aTDC injection start and 2.5 bar injection pressure. Under the same experimental conditions, NO emissions increased by 8.7%, mechanical vibration emissions increased by 19.9%, and noise emissions increased by 2 dBA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141482368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.354
Maria Paula Novoa , Camilo Rengifo , Martha Cobo , Manuel Figueredo
Power to Methane (PtM) systems are considered an attractive alternative for power generation, renewable sources’ potential harnessing, and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization. This study analyzes the potential use of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) for electrical power generation or its direct injection into the currently available Natural Gas Transportation infrastructure. A simulation approach using Aspen Plus v14 software was employed to assess various PtM configurations. Six different systems were analyzed for methanation processes, utilizing three types of electrolysis systems: Alkaline (AE), Proton Exchange Membrane (PEME), and Solid Oxide (SOE). Two primary methane applications were considered: integrated into a combined cycle for power generation and a standalone gas treatment stage for grid injection. As a result, the PEME-based system showed the highest generated-to-fed power ratio, larger than SOE (1.45% higher) and AE (20.66% higher). In addition, PEME technology reports the largest generation of SNG per power supply, exceeding 3.4% and 16.4% of those of SOE and AE, respectively. However, the SOE technology showed a larger efficiency than PEME technology by 8.2% and a PtM efficiency larger than PEME by 12.4%. Fixed capital investment for the PtM systems is around 8.6 and 13.9 million USD$, and their total earnings are between −8.2 and 20.9 thousand USD$ a year, depending on the electrolysis technology, methane application, and carbon credits scenario. According to these results, the PEME-based system is the most suitable option regarding technical and economic criteria.
{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of the Synthetic Natural Gas production using different electrolysis technologies and product applications","authors":"Maria Paula Novoa , Camilo Rengifo , Martha Cobo , Manuel Figueredo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Power to Methane (PtM) systems are considered an attractive alternative for power generation, renewable sources’ potential harnessing, and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) utilization. This study analyzes the potential use of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) for electrical power generation or its direct injection into the currently available Natural Gas Transportation infrastructure. A simulation approach using Aspen Plus v14 software was employed to assess various PtM configurations. Six different systems were analyzed for methanation processes, utilizing three types of electrolysis systems: Alkaline (AE), Proton Exchange Membrane (PEME), and Solid Oxide (SOE). Two primary methane applications were considered: integrated into a combined cycle for power generation and a standalone gas treatment stage for grid injection. As a result, the PEME-based system showed the highest generated-to-fed power ratio, larger than SOE (1.45% higher) and AE (20.66% higher). In addition, PEME technology reports the largest generation of SNG per power supply, exceeding 3.4% and 16.4% of those of SOE and AE, respectively. However, the SOE technology showed a larger efficiency than PEME technology by 8.2% and a PtM efficiency larger than PEME by 12.4%. Fixed capital investment for the PtM systems is around 8.6 and 13.9 million USD$, and their total earnings are between −8.2 and 20.9 thousand USD$ a year, depending on the electrolysis technology, methane application, and carbon credits scenario. According to these results, the PEME-based system is the most suitable option regarding technical and economic criteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319924025941/pdfft?md5=0ceb51320d8795afa047652432989f1b&pid=1-s2.0-S0360319924025941-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.371
Cong Qin , Zhanxiang Wei , Xiaoyan Zhao , Jianliang Cao , Yan Wang
Developing high-temperature hydrogen (H2) sensors with fast response speed is urgently demanded in harsh application environments, especially for chemical industries and the aerospace field. Herein, we have reported a facile strategy to synthesize Mn-doped In2O3 hollow nanotubes (Mn-In2O3) by solvothermal and annealing route using In-MOFs as precursors. The experimental results indicate that the obtained products possess hollow nanotube structures with plenty of holes and Mn doping greatly boosts the gas-sensing performance of In2O3-based sensors towards H2. In particular, the responses of 3 mol% Mn-In2O3 are 2.57 and 2.3 towards 50 ppm H2 at 360 °C and 400 °C, respectively, which are much higher than those of bare In2O3 hollow nanotubes. Besides, the sensor based on 3 mol% Mn-In2O3 exhibits a low limit of detection (25 ppb), excellent selectivity, rapid response/recovery speed (∼4 and ∼15 s@20 ppm), and excellent stability at high temperature (360 °C). Such enhancement of H2-sensing properties can be put down to the hollow structure derived from In-MOFs and abundant oxygen vacancy defects produced by Mn doping. The Mn-In2O3 hollow nanotubes could be regarded as promising materials for selectively detecting H2 in a wide range of concentrations.
{"title":"High-temperature hydrogen sensor based on MOFs-derived Mn-doped In2O3 hollow nanotubes","authors":"Cong Qin , Zhanxiang Wei , Xiaoyan Zhao , Jianliang Cao , Yan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing high-temperature hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) sensors with fast response speed is urgently demanded in harsh application environments, especially for chemical industries and the aerospace field. Herein, we have reported a facile strategy to synthesize Mn-doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hollow nanotubes (Mn-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) by solvothermal and annealing route using In-MOFs as precursors. The experimental results indicate that the obtained products possess hollow nanotube structures with plenty of holes and Mn doping greatly boosts the gas-sensing performance of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based sensors towards H<sub>2</sub>. In particular, the responses of 3 mol% Mn-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> are 2.57 and 2.3 towards 50 ppm H<sub>2</sub> at 360 °C and 400 °C, respectively, which are much higher than those of bare In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hollow nanotubes. Besides, the sensor based on 3 mol% Mn-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibits a low limit of detection (25 ppb), excellent selectivity, rapid response/recovery speed (∼4 and ∼15 s@20 ppm), and excellent stability at high temperature (360 °C). Such enhancement of H<sub>2</sub>-sensing properties can be put down to the hollow structure derived from In-MOFs and abundant oxygen vacancy defects produced by Mn doping. The Mn-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hollow nanotubes could be regarded as promising materials for selectively detecting H<sub>2</sub> in a wide range of concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.401
Hu Feng , Zhang Hui , Xia Ting , Xu Jin , Zhao Xin , Li Yongzhi , Zhang Yanghuan
In this paper, CeMg12/Ni/Nb2O5 was prepared by mechanical ball milling technology for the sake of probing into the impact of Ni and Nb2O5 on microstructure and hydrogen sorption properties of alloys. The microstructure research results indicate that adding Nb2O5 can promote the formation of nanocrystal structure; through ball milling the Nb2O5 dispersed on the surface of alloy particles uniformly enhances the surface activity of the alloy and improves the hydrogen absorption and releasing kinetics of the alloy. The research on hydrogen absorption performance shows that the addition of Nb2O5 can significantly increase the hydrogen release platform pressure of the alloy hydride, the enthalpy value of hydrogen releasing process drops from 74.82 kJ/mol to 71.07 kJ/mol when the content of Nb2O5 is increased from 0 wt% to 9 wt%, the above qualitative and quantitative discussion further proves that Nb2O5 is beneficial for amending the thermodynamic stability of alloy hydride. Besides, adding Nb2O5 can remarkably reduce the hydrogen dissociation activation energy of experimental alloy hydride, ameliorating the dynamic performances of hydrogen release. The alloy with 9 wt% Nb2O5 has the smallest activation energy and the best performances of hydrogen release.
{"title":"Catalytic mechanism of Nb2O5 and Ni on hydrogen storage properties of CeMg12-type alloy for automatic weather station emergency fuel cell","authors":"Hu Feng , Zhang Hui , Xia Ting , Xu Jin , Zhao Xin , Li Yongzhi , Zhang Yanghuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, CeMg<sub>12</sub>/Ni/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> was prepared by mechanical ball milling technology for the sake of probing into the impact of Ni and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> on microstructure and hydrogen sorption properties of alloys. The microstructure research results indicate that adding Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> can promote the formation of nanocrystal structure; through ball milling the Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> dispersed on the surface of alloy particles uniformly enhances the surface activity of the alloy and improves the hydrogen absorption and releasing kinetics of the alloy. The research on hydrogen absorption performance shows that the addition of Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> can significantly increase the hydrogen release platform pressure of the alloy hydride, the enthalpy value of hydrogen releasing process drops from 74.82 kJ/mol to 71.07 kJ/mol when the content of Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is increased from 0 wt% to 9 wt%, the above qualitative and quantitative discussion further proves that Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is beneficial for amending the thermodynamic stability of alloy hydride. Besides, adding Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> can remarkably reduce the hydrogen dissociation activation energy of experimental alloy hydride, ameliorating the dynamic performances of hydrogen release. The alloy with 9 wt% Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> has the smallest activation energy and the best performances of hydrogen release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen transfer leaks are one of the most important life-limiting faults in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Hydrogen transfer leaks result in a reduction in the amount of oxygen available in the cathode (air) channel, with large leaks resulting in oxygen starvation and hydrogen emission. This paper aims to develop an adaptive extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the unknown oxygen concentration, which is then used to infer hydrogen leaks. To this end, the paper first develops the lumped model of the fuel cell from a pseudo-2D model of a fuel cell. Next, a (non-adaptive) EKF is developed to estimate the fuel cell states under both normal and oxygen-starved conditions. The adaptive EKF is then implemented by adding the unknown hydrogen leak to the list of estimated states. Finally, the paper demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed adaptive EKF by using it to accurately estimate unknown hydrogen leaks in a high-fidelity virtual fuel cell under excessively noisy conditions.
{"title":"Extended kalman filter for quantifying hydrogen leaks in PEM fuel cells by estimating oxygen concentration","authors":"Alireza Beigi , Wesley Romey , Krishna Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen transfer leaks are one of the most important life-limiting faults in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Hydrogen transfer leaks result in a reduction in the amount of oxygen available in the cathode (air) channel, with large leaks resulting in oxygen starvation and hydrogen emission. This paper aims to develop an adaptive extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the unknown oxygen concentration, which is then used to infer hydrogen leaks. To this end, the paper first develops the lumped model of the fuel cell from a pseudo-2D model of a fuel cell. Next, a (non-adaptive) EKF is developed to estimate the fuel cell states under both normal and oxygen-starved conditions. The adaptive EKF is then implemented by adding the unknown hydrogen leak to the list of estimated states. Finally, the paper demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed adaptive EKF by using it to accurately estimate unknown hydrogen leaks in a high-fidelity virtual fuel cell under excessively noisy conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.417
Tuğba Gürbüz , M. Erdem Günay , N. Alper Tapan
It is well known that numerous operational, material and design variables act upon the performance of a plant-based microbial fuel cell which is an emerging sustainable and versatile energy device like hydrogen fuel cells. However, due to the high complexity of these bioelectrochemical systems, new solutions are required to optimize performance and uncover hidden relationships between dominant fuel cell variables. For this purpose, a database of 229 observations was created for plant-based microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) with 159 descriptor variables and a target variable (maximum power density) based on experimental results from 51 recent publications. Then, some machine learning solutions like principal component analysis (PCA), classification trees and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were applied. The PCA indicated mainly two routes involving low and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) towards high maximum power density which consists of the plant family, wastewater type, support media, construction design, separator type, anode and cathode electrodes and light source. SHAP analysis revealed that the most important factors for high performance are operating temperature, natural light, soil support medium, and constructed wetland design. Finally, the classification tree successfully demonstrated nine routes towards high maximum power density which exclude the use of graphite plate cathode electrodes.
{"title":"Machine learning solutions for enhanced performance in plant-based microbial fuel cells","authors":"Tuğba Gürbüz , M. Erdem Günay , N. Alper Tapan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that numerous operational, material and design variables act upon the performance of a plant-based microbial fuel cell which is an emerging sustainable and versatile energy device like hydrogen fuel cells. However, due to the high complexity of these bioelectrochemical systems, new solutions are required to optimize performance and uncover hidden relationships between dominant fuel cell variables. For this purpose, a database of 229 observations was created for plant-based microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) with 159 descriptor variables and a target variable (maximum power density) based on experimental results from 51 recent publications. Then, some machine learning solutions like principal component analysis (PCA), classification trees and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were applied. The <span>PCA</span> indicated mainly two routes involving low and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) towards high maximum power density which consists of the plant family, wastewater type, support media, construction design, separator type, anode and cathode electrodes and light source. SHAP analysis revealed that the most important factors for high performance are operating temperature, natural light, soil support medium, and constructed wetland design. Finally, the classification tree successfully demonstrated nine routes towards high maximum power density which exclude the use of graphite plate cathode electrodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.373
Murefah mana Al-Anazy , Ghulam M. Mustafa , Omar Zayed , Bisma Younas , Tariq M. Al-Daraghmeh , Noura Dawas Alkhaldi , Ayman S. Alofi , Afaf Khadr Alqorashi , Imen kebaili , Q. Mahmood
The potential of hydrogen as an energy source has positioned hydrogen storage as a prominent research domain in the current era. Innovative perovskite compounds have emerged as a focal point for investigating hydrogen storage applications. In this study, we have investigated the RbXH3 (X = Mg/Ca/Sr/Ba) perovskite hydrides by density functional theory (DFT). Our exploration encompasses the analysis of electronic structures, mechanical stability, elastic properties, and optical and thermoelectric response. The cubic crystal structures of RbXH3 are revealed, with lattice constants of 4.13, 4.54, 4.82, and 5.17 Å for X = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, respectively. Electronic structure calculations indicate ionic bonding with a wide bandgap reduced with increasing size of X. Mechanical stability, essential for meeting the Born stability criterion, is scrutinized, whereas Pugh criteria suggest a ductile and hard nature for these materials. Thermoelectric characteristics regarding electrical and thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factors are elaborated. The figure of merit emphasizes their suitability for thermoelectric devices. The Gravimetric ratios indicate the hydrogen storage capability, potentially contributing to various transportation and power applications.
氢作为能源的潜力使储氢成为当今时代的一个重要研究领域。创新的包晶化合物已成为研究储氢应用的焦点。在本研究中,我们通过密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了 RbXH3(X = Mg/Ca/Sr/Ba)包晶氢化物。我们的研究涵盖了对电子结构、机械稳定性、弹性特性以及光学和热电响应的分析。研究揭示了 RbXH3 的立方晶体结构,X = Mg、Ca、Sr 和 Ba 的晶格常数分别为 4.13、4.54、4.82 和 5.17 Å。电子结构计算表明,离子键具有宽带隙,并随着 X 的增大而减小。机械稳定性是满足博恩稳定性标准的关键,而普氏标准则表明这些材料具有韧性和硬度。此外,还阐述了有关导电性和导热性、塞贝克系数和功率因数的热电特性。优点系数强调了这些材料对热电设备的适用性。重力比表明这些材料具有储氢能力,可用于各种运输和电力应用。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.316
G.E. Marin, A.V. Titov, A.R. Akhmetshin
The economy of the Russian Federation is aimed at developing a fuel and energy complex that uses environmentally friendly energy, which corresponds to the global trend of reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during the production of various types of products. Decarbonization is one of the biggest challenges of modern society. To solve this problem, renewable energy sources are being actively introduced, as well as various types of fuel, the combustion of which produces a minimum content of emissions. Among them, we can highlight the fuel that has the greatest prospects; this is hydrogen, a fuel with the highest energy content, reaching a value of 120 MJ/kg. Unlike renewable energy sources, the practice of which in a number of countries has caused a crisis in the reliability of the energy system, hydrogen technologies make it possible to achieve the task of decarbonization with minimal impact on the environment at all stages: production, transportation, combustion, without compromising reliability. The main problems of mass introduction of hydrogen technologies are the difficulty in obtaining, transporting and storing hydrogen fuel. Following the signing of hydrogen strategies, most developed countries are considering using hydrogen as a vehicle fuel. Hydrogen transport, unlike electric transport, is not limited by range, but the high cost of hydrogen transport and the lack of refueling infrastructure hinder the development of this type of technology. Currently, the most common fuel cell system is FCV (fuel cell vehicle).
The article presents the concept of hydrogen refueling, taking into account different technologies for the production of hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen must be stored at a filling station at a pressure of 300–800 bar, in a gaseous or liquid state. An analysis of the cost of construction and subsequent operation of hydrogen filling stations revealed criteria for the economic efficiency of their implementation depending on the amount of fuel consumed and storage methods.
{"title":"Prospects for implementation of hydrogen filling stations in the Russian Federation","authors":"G.E. Marin, A.V. Titov, A.R. Akhmetshin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The economy of the Russian Federation is aimed at developing a fuel and energy complex that uses environmentally friendly energy, which corresponds to the global trend of reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during the production of various types of products. Decarbonization is one of the biggest challenges of modern society. To solve this problem, renewable energy sources are being actively introduced, as well as various types of fuel, the combustion of which produces a minimum content of emissions. Among them, we can highlight the fuel that has the greatest prospects; this is hydrogen, a fuel with the highest energy content, reaching a value of 120 MJ/kg. Unlike renewable energy sources, the practice of which in a number of countries has caused a crisis in the reliability of the energy system, hydrogen technologies make it possible to achieve the task of decarbonization with minimal impact on the environment at all stages: production, transportation, combustion, without compromising reliability. The main problems of mass introduction of hydrogen technologies are the difficulty in obtaining, transporting and storing hydrogen fuel. Following the signing of hydrogen strategies, most developed countries are considering using hydrogen as a vehicle fuel. Hydrogen transport, unlike electric transport, is not limited by range, but the high cost of hydrogen transport and the lack of refueling infrastructure hinder the development of this type of technology. Currently, the most common fuel cell system is FCV (fuel cell vehicle).</p><p>The article presents the concept of hydrogen refueling, taking into account different technologies for the production of hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen must be stored at a filling station at a pressure of 300–800 bar, in a gaseous or liquid state. An analysis of the cost of construction and subsequent operation of hydrogen filling stations revealed criteria for the economic efficiency of their implementation depending on the amount of fuel consumed and storage methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}