International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

Storage and regeneration of renewable energy via hydrogen - A novel power system integrating electrified methane reforming and gas-steam combined cycle 通过氢气储存和再生可再生能源--集成电气化甲烷转化和燃气-蒸汽联合循环的新型发电系统

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.156

Huchao Song, Hao Bian, Xiaolong Lin, Yinhe Liu

Renewable energy is developing rapidly, while the fluctuation limits its accommodation. The power to power (PTP) system, which stores and re-generates renewable electricity, can mitigate fluctuations of renewable energy. Hydrogen can be used to realize the large-scale peak-load shifting of renewable energy as an energy carrier. However, the high cost and low efficiency of hydrogen production via electrolyzer significantly affect the performance of the PTP system. Furthermore, previous studies have not effectively integrated each part of the PTP system and optimized the parameters, resulting in unsatisfactory performance. In this study, a novel, efficient, and economical PTP system is proposed by integrating an electrified methane reforming process and a gas-steam combined cycle, through which the natural gas reacts with steam to produce hydrogen-rich syngas driven by renewable electricity. Then the syngas is blended in methane to produce electricity. The proposed system is modelled and analyzed in terms of energy and economic aspects. The optimal round-trip efficiency of the novel PTP system is 45.8%, which is 9.8% higher than that of the PTP system coupled with an electrolyzer, and the levelized cost of electricity for the novel system is 11.9% lower. The system can achieve efficient storage and utilization of renewable energy.

可再生能源发展迅速，但其波动性却限制了它的利用。电能转换电力（PTP）系统可储存并重新产生可再生能源电力，从而缓解可再生能源的波动。氢作为一种能源载体，可用于实现可再生能源的大规模调峰。然而，通过电解槽制氢的成本高、效率低，极大地影响了 PTP 系统的性能。此外，以往的研究没有有效整合 PTP 系统的各个部分并优化参数，导致性能不尽人意。本研究提出了一种新型、高效、经济的 PTP 系统，该系统集成了电气化甲烷重整工艺和燃气-蒸汽联合循环，通过可再生电力驱动，天然气与蒸汽反应产生富氢合成气。然后将合成气与甲烷混合，产生电力。从能源和经济方面对拟议的系统进行了建模和分析。新型 PTP 系统的最佳往返效率为 45.8%，比与电解槽耦合的 PTP 系统高 9.8%，而新型系统的平准化电力成本则低 11.9%。该系统可实现可再生能源的高效储存和利用。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient modulation of NiS2 catalyst via the Cu doping strategy to improve hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline media 通过铜掺杂策略有效调节 NiS2 催化剂，改善碱性介质中的氢气进化反应

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.090

Guanglei Liu , Yutong Feng , Yifan Yang , Shan He , Yuhang Yuan , Yuan Wang , Can Li , Mingxin Ye , Jianfeng Shen

Among efficient electrocatalysts used for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from electrocatalytic water splitting, the nickel-based sulfides exhibit promising applications via effective heteroatom doping strategy. Herein, we deeply investigate the fundamental mechanism of the Cu doping towards the HER performance improvement of NiS₂ catalyst. Firstly, based on the density functional theory calculations, the Cu doping can efficiently modulate the electronic structure of NiS₂, thereby optimizing the adsorption free energies of hydrogen and H₂O, and enhancing the kinetics of H₂O dissociation. Secondly, we prepare the Cu-doped NiS₂ nanosheet arrays on carbon fiber paper (Cu–NiS₂/CFP), exhibiting superior alkaline HER performances compared with NiS₂ nanosheet arrays on CFP (NiS₂/CFP). Specifically, Cu–NiS₂/CFP shows a low HER overpotential of 75 mV at the cathodic current density of 10 mA/cm² in 1 M KOH. Both aspects of theory calculations and experiments together certify the Cu doping can efficiently modulate NiS₂ catalyst to improve alkaline HER performances.

在用于电催化水分离氢进化反应（HER）的高效电催化剂中，镍基硫化物通过有效的杂原子掺杂策略展现出广阔的应用前景。在此，我们深入研究了掺杂铜以提高 NiS2 催化剂 HER 性能的基本机制。首先，基于密度泛函理论计算，Cu 掺杂可以有效地调节 NiS2 的电子结构，从而优化氢气和 H2O 的吸附自由能，并增强 H2O 的解离动力学。其次，我们在碳纤维纸上制备了掺铜的 NiS2 纳米片阵列（Cu-NiS2/CFP），与碳纤维纸上的 NiS2 纳米片阵列（NiS2/CFP）相比，表现出更优越的碱性 HER 性能。具体来说，在 1 M KOH 中，阴极电流密度为 10 mA/cm2 时，Cu-NiS2/CFP 的 HER 过电位较低，仅为 75 mV。理论计算和实验两方面共同证明，掺杂铜可以有效地调节 NiS2 催化剂，从而提高碱性 HER 性能。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating market penetration and cost technologies (IMPACT): Procurement incentives on fuel cell electric truck adoption in California 整合市场渗透和成本技术（IMPACT）：加利福尼亚州采用燃料电池电动卡车的采购激励措施

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.225

Jingyuan Zhao, Andrew F. Burke, Marshall R. Miller, Lewis M. Fulton

In the United States, both federal and local governments have instituted various financial incentives to promote the adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) within their transportation sectors. However, it remains unclear whether these procurement incentives can effectively stimulate the adoption of ZEVs to achieve the expected targets, especially given the wide range of financial and non-financial factors anticipated in the coming decades. To investigate the energy, economic, and environmental aspects of the transition toward ZEVs, we developed the Integrating Market Penetration and Cost Technologies (IMPACT) model. In this study, it was tailored as a detailed analytical and quantification tool for investigating financial incentives for medium- and heavy-duty fuel cell electric trucks (FCETs). The IMPACT model comprises three interconnected sub-models: a vehicle cost model, a vehicle choice model, and an infrastructure model, each specifically tailored for the California market from 2024 to 2040. We designed three different incentive plans based on current policies: the IRS Clean Vehicle Tax Credits (CVTC) and the California Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP). The proposed hierarchical method facilitates a robust analysis of these incentives in relation to FCET sales and market shares, providing a quantitative basis to gauge the fiscal impact and effectiveness of these incentives over time. Our findings indicate that while financial incentives are crucial for enhancing FCET adoption, their design and implementation must be meticulously planned. Careful balancing of factors such as vehicle cost, infrastructure availability, and long-term sustainability is essential to optimize policy outcomes. This study underscores the complexity of incentive strategies and offers critical insights for policymakers aiming to expedite the deployment of FCETs and supporting hydrogen infrastructure in California and beyond.

在美国，联邦政府和地方政府都制定了各种财政激励措施，以促进零排放车辆（ZEV）在其交通部门的采用。然而，这些采购激励措施是否能有效刺激零排放汽车的采用，从而实现预期目标，目前仍不清楚，特别是考虑到未来几十年预计会出现的各种财务和非财务因素。为了研究向 ZEV 过渡所涉及的能源、经济和环境问题，我们开发了市场渗透与成本技术整合模型（IMPACT）。在本研究中，该模型被定制为详细的分析和量化工具，用于调查中型和重型燃料电池电动卡车（FCET）的经济激励措施。IMPACT 模型包括三个相互关联的子模型：车辆成本模型、车辆选择模型和基础设施模型，每个模型都专门针对 2024 年至 2040 年的加利福尼亚市场量身定制。我们根据现行政策设计了三种不同的激励计划：美国国税局清洁车辆税收抵免计划（CVTC）和加州混合动力及零排放卡车和公交车优惠券激励项目（HVIP）。所提出的分层方法有助于根据 FCET 的销售额和市场份额对这些激励措施进行稳健分析，从而为评估这些激励措施随着时间推移产生的财政影响和效果提供量化依据。我们的研究结果表明，虽然财政激励措施对提高 FCET 的采用率至关重要，但其设计和实施必须经过精心规划。仔细平衡车辆成本、基础设施可用性和长期可持续性等因素对于优化政策成果至关重要。这项研究强调了激励战略的复杂性，并为决策者提供了重要的见解，旨在加快 FCET 的部署，并为加州及其他地区的氢能基础设施提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

High-efficiency electrocatalytic hydrogen generation under harsh acidic condition by commercially viable Pt nanocluster-decorated non-polar faceted GaN nanowires 商业上可行的铂纳米簇装饰非极性刻面氮化镓纳米线在苛刻酸性条件下高效电催化制氢

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.174

Ameer Abdullah , Fawad Tariq , Mandar A. Kulkarni , Hamza Thaalbi , Haseeb Ud Din , Soon Hyung Kang , Sang-Wan Ryu

Electrochemical water splitting is vital for green hydrogen production and clean energy. This study introduces a novel approach: platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs) decorated GaN nanowires (GNWs) on p++-Si substrates to enhance hydrogen generation efficiency. Highly-crystalline GNWs synthesized via commercial metal-organic chemical vapor deposition provide a scalable platform for hydrogen evolution. To address the cost limitations of Pt-based electrocatalysts, we developed a method for loading ultralow Pt NCs via photoelectrochemical deposition. Investigations underscore the Pt–Ga sites' crucial role in promoting efficient H₂ production. The Pt NCs/GNWs/p++-Si electrode achieved −10 mA/cm² current density at +50 mV vs. the RHE and sustained −20 mA/cm² for 90 h under harsh acidic conditions at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with nearly 100% retention. This study offers insights into efficient and stable electrodes for electrochemical H₂ generation.

电化学水分离对绿色制氢和清洁能源至关重要。本研究介绍了一种新方法：在 p++-Si 基底上用铂纳米簇（Pt NCs）装饰氮化镓纳米线（GNWs），以提高制氢效率。通过商业金属有机化学气相沉积合成的高结晶 GNW 为氢气进化提供了一个可扩展的平台。为了解决基于铂的电催化剂的成本限制，我们开发了一种通过光电化学沉积负载超低铂NC的方法。研究强调了 Pt-Ga 位点在促进高效制氢方面的关键作用。铂NCs/GNWs/p++-Si电极在+50 mV电压下与RHE相比达到了-10 mA/cm2的电流密度，并在室温和大气压下的苛刻酸性条件下维持-20 mA/cm2达90小时，保留率接近100%。这项研究为高效、稳定的电化学 H2 生成电极提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the impacts of charge composition and temperature on ammonia/hydrogen combustion in a heavy-duty spark-ignition engine 研究重型火花点火式发动机中装料成分和温度对氨/氢燃烧的影响

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.241

Zining Yu, Rui Yang, Zongyu Yue, Mingfa Yao

Ammonia, as a hydrogen carrier with mature production technology and convenient storage, has become one of the most promising zero carbon fuels in recent years. The use of ammonia/hydrogen mixture fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines has drawn significant attentions since it solves the problems of low flame speed, high ignition energy requirement and narrow flammable range of pure ammonia. In this study, the combustion and emission processes of an ammonia/hydrogen port fuel injection (PFI) engine at high load operation are numerically analyzed to investigate the effects of intake hydrogen energy ratio (HER), equivalence ratio (φ), intake temperature and combustion chamber wall temperature on energy distribution and pollutants. The results indicate that under the same HER of 25%, the lean-burned mode provides favorable thermal efficiency compared to stoichiometric mode due to reduced combustion and wall heat loss. However, lower cylinder temperature at lean condition inhibits the participation of NH₃ in the reduction reactions and the consumption of N₂O, increasing the residuals of both pollutants. The NOx emission is promoted by excessive O radicals at lean conditions, and the pathways of fuel NOx and thermal NOx are also discussed using an isotope labeling method. At stoichiometric mode, increasing fuel HER (10%–25%) only has minor impacts on improving thermal efficiency, but can promote the consumption of NH₃ and N₂O by increasing H radicals and cylinder temperature. The study also shows that optimizing the intake and wall temperatures can effectively reduce NH₃ and N₂O emissions by 87.5% and 71.7%, respectively, while slightly reducing NOx.

氨作为一种氢载体，具有生产技术成熟、储存方便等特点，近年来已成为最有前途的零碳燃料之一。在火花点火（SI）发动机中使用氨/氢混合燃料，解决了纯氨火焰速度低、点火能量要求高、可燃范围窄等问题，引起了广泛关注。本研究对高负荷运行时氨气/氢气喷嘴燃料喷射（PFI）发动机的燃烧和排放过程进行了数值分析，以研究进气氢能比（HER）、当量比（φ）、进气温度和燃烧室壁温对能量分布和污染物的影响。结果表明，在相同的氢能比（25%）条件下，由于燃烧和壁面热损失减少，贫燃模式的热效率比定燃模式高。然而，贫燃状态下较低的气缸温度抑制了 NH3 参与还原反应和 N2O 的消耗，增加了这两种污染物的残留量。在贫油条件下，过量的 O 自由基促进了氮氧化物的排放，同时还利用同位素标记法讨论了燃料氮氧化物和热氮氧化物的排放途径。在化学计量模式下，增加燃料 HER（10%-25%）对提高热效率的影响较小，但会通过增加 H 自由基和气缸温度促进 NH3 和 N2O 的消耗。研究还表明，优化进气温度和壁温可有效减少 NH3 和 N2O 的排放，分别减少 87.5% 和 71.7%，同时略微减少氮氧化物。

{"title":"Investigating the impacts of charge composition and temperature on ammonia/hydrogen combustion in a heavy-duty spark-ignition engine","authors":"Zining Yu, Rui Yang, Zongyu Yue, Mingfa Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia, as a hydrogen carrier with mature production technology and convenient storage, has become one of the most promising zero carbon fuels in recent years. The use of ammonia/hydrogen mixture fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines has drawn significant attentions since it solves the problems of low flame speed, high ignition energy requirement and narrow flammable range of pure ammonia. In this study, the combustion and emission processes of an ammonia/hydrogen port fuel injection (PFI) engine at high load operation are numerically analyzed to investigate the effects of intake hydrogen energy ratio (HER), equivalence ratio (<em>φ</em>), intake temperature and combustion chamber wall temperature on energy distribution and pollutants. The results indicate that under the same HER of 25%, the lean-burned mode provides favorable thermal efficiency compared to stoichiometric mode due to reduced combustion and wall heat loss. However, lower cylinder temperature at lean condition inhibits the participation of NH<sub>3</sub> in the reduction reactions and the consumption of N<sub>2</sub>O, increasing the residuals of both pollutants. The NOx emission is promoted by excessive O radicals at lean conditions, and the pathways of fuel NOx and thermal NOx are also discussed using an isotope labeling method. At stoichiometric mode, increasing fuel HER (10%–25%) only has minor impacts on improving thermal efficiency, but can promote the consumption of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O by increasing H radicals and cylinder temperature. The study also shows that optimizing the intake and wall temperatures can effectively reduce NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 87.5% and 71.7%, respectively, while slightly reducing NOx.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amine-functionalized RUB-15 supported Pd and Zr nanoparticles: An efficient catalyst for hydrogen production from formic acid 胺功能化 RUB-15 支持钯和锆纳米颗粒：甲酸制氢的高效催化剂

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.157

Mohammad Dianati, Majid Taghizadeh

This research focused on the production of hydrogen (H₂) from formic acid (FA) using palladium nanoparticles, promoted by zirconium, on amine-functionalized RUB-15. The 2%Pd-0.2%ZrO₂/RUB-15-NH₂ catalyst was produced through a hydrothermal technique and its physicochemical properties were characterized using various analyses including XRD, FTIR, BET, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS-dot mapping, CO₂-TPD, and TGA. These nanoparticles were successfully created with a small size of 3.75 nm and appropriate dispersions. Zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) induced significant electronic effects between Pd and RUB-15-NH₂ and strong interaction between Pd–ZrO₂ nanoparticles and RUB-15-NH₂. The dehydrogenation process with sodium formate (SF) additive was carried out at three different temperatures in a double-necked balloon under FA/SF = 1:1 condition. Overall, 2%Pd-0.2%ZrO₂/RUB-15-NH₂ exhibited satisfactory catalytic activity, 100% H₂ selectivity, no detectable CO production, and good reusability for H₂ production from FA. When SF was added to an FA aqueous solution for dehydrogenation, the total turnover frequency (TOF_total) and the initial TOF (TOF_initial) could reach 99.54 mol_CO2+H2 mol_pd⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 140 mol_CO2+H2 mol_pd⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 333 K, respectively. The stability test was measured in three cycles and showed great resistancy and activity during 140 min. The kinetic study was discussed and the first-order equation had a suitable result. Generally, the system's selectivity, high activity, stability, and simplicity in producing H₂/CO₂ gas without CO production from FA were the key features of this catalyst.

本研究的重点是在胺功能化 RUB-15 上使用锆促进的钯纳米颗粒从甲酸（FA）中制取氢气（H2）。2%Pd-0.2%ZrO2/RUB-15-NH2 催化剂是通过水热技术制得的，其理化性质通过各种分析进行了表征，包括 XRD、FTIR、BET、FE-SEM、TEM、EDS-点阵图、CO2-TPD 和 TGA。这些纳米粒子的尺寸小至 3.75 纳米，分散性良好。氧化锆（ZrO2）在 Pd 和 RUB-15-NH2 之间产生了显著的电子效应，Pd-ZrO2 纳米粒子和 RUB-15-NH2 之间产生了强烈的相互作用。在 FA/SF = 1:1 的条件下，在双颈气球中以甲酸钠（SF）为添加剂在三种不同温度下进行了脱氢反应。总体而言，2%Pd-0.2%ZrO2/RUB-15-NH2 表现出令人满意的催化活性、100% 的 H2 选择性、无可检测到的 CO 生成以及从 FA 生产 H2 的良好重复利用性。将 SF 添加到 FA 水溶液中进行脱氢时，在 333 K 条件下，总周转次数（TOFtotal）和初始周转次数（TOFinitial）分别达到 99.54 molCO2+H2 molpd-1 h-1 和 140 molCO2+H2 molpd-1 h-1。稳定性测试测量了三个周期，结果表明在 140 分钟内具有很强的抗性和活性。对动力学研究进行了讨论，一阶方程得出了合适的结果。总体而言，该系统的选择性、高活性、稳定性以及在不从 FA 中产生 CO 的情况下生产 H2/CO2 气体的简易性是该催化剂的主要特点。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in efficient piezo-photocatalysis modulated by morphology and structure control 通过形态和结构控制调节高效压电光催化技术的最新进展

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.240

Yukai Chen , Yiyi Ji , Jiaojiao Fang , Dan Wang , Rulin Dong , Baoying Dai

The past years have witnessed the rapid development in the field of piezo-photocatalysis, and great efforts have been made in promoting the separation and transfer of photo-excited carriers by piezoelectric field from the points of morphology and structure control. Although with successes, the summary of recent progresses in the abovementioned field are very limited in the existing review papers. Therefore, the representative advancements of morphology and structure on piezoelectric property as well as piezo-photocatalytic performance are scrutinized at first in this review. Secondly, advances in flexible organic piezo-photocatalytic composites with tailored morphology and structure are examined from the view of energy utilization. Thirdly, fascinating piezo-photocatalytic composites with bio-inspired structures and their applications are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and potential avenues for enhancing piezo-photocatalytic performance are proposed, offering valuable insights to researchers in the fields of piezocatalysis, photocatalysis, and related disciplines.

过去几年中，压电光催化领域发展迅速，人们从形态和结构控制等方面努力促进压电场对光激发载流子的分离和转移。虽然取得了一定的成果，但在现有的综述论文中，对上述领域最新进展的总结非常有限。因此，本综述首先仔细研究了形态和结构对压电特性以及压电光催化性能的代表性进展。其次，从能源利用的角度研究了具有定制形态和结构的柔性有机压电光催化复合材料的进展。第三，回顾了具有生物启发结构的迷人压电光催化复合材料及其应用。最后，提出了提高压电光催化性能的挑战和潜在途径，为压电催化、光催化及相关学科领域的研究人员提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of H/N ratio control in a multibed ammonia synthesis system with Ru-based catalysts 使用 Ru 基催化剂的多床氨合成系统中 H/N 比控制的效果

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.178

Yoshihiro Goto , Masashi Kikugawa , Kiyoshi Yamazaki , Hideyuki Matsumoto , Anthony Basuni Hamzah , Shinichi Ookawara , Yuichi Manaka , Tetsuya Nanba , Akinori Sato , Masakazu Aoki

Ammonia has recently attracted attention as a hydrogen carrier and fuel, based on the power-to-fuel concept. This concept can be realized using Ru-supported rare-earth oxides for the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen (3H₂ + N₂ → 2NH₃) under mild conditions. However, at a high H/N ratio, Ru catalysts exhibit hydrogen poisoning, which reduces their activity for ammonia synthesis. This study investigates the effect of the H/N ratio on the ammonia synthesis activity of the developed Ru catalyst Ru(5 wt%)/Ce_0.5La_0.4Si_0.1O_1.8 under isothermal conditions (350−500 °C). The optimal H/N ratio for achieving the highest catalytic activity decreases as the temperature is lowered (H/N = 0.5 at 350 °C; H/N = 2.0−2.5 at 450 °C). In a multibed reactor, adjusting the H/N ratio to a lower value in the downstream catalyst beds—where the temperature decreases along the gas flow path—can enhance the overall rate of ammonia production by optimizing the reaction conditions in these cooler stages. We propose a system to control the H/N ratio for each catalyst bed in a multibed reactor and demonstrate an increase in the rate of ammonia production when using a double-bed reactor containing the Ru/Ce_0.5La_0.4Si_0.1O_1.8 catalyst. The proposed system offers various opportunities to accelerate the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and fuel.

最近，氨作为一种氢载体和燃料引起了人们的关注，其基础是 "从电力到燃料 "的概念。利用 Ru 支持的稀土氧化物可在温和条件下从氢气和氮气合成氨（3H2 + N2 → 2NH3），从而实现这一概念。然而，在高氢/氮比条件下，Ru 催化剂会出现氢中毒现象，从而降低其合成氨的活性。本研究探讨了等温条件（350-500 °C）下氢/氮比对所开发的 Ru 催化剂 Ru(5 wt%)/Ce0.5La0.4Si0.1O1.8 合成氨活性的影响。达到最高催化活性的最佳 H/N 比随着温度的降低而降低（350 °C 时 H/N = 0.5；450 °C 时 H/N = 2.0-2.5）。在多床反应器中，将下游催化剂床的 H/N 比调整到较低值（温度沿气流路径降低），可以通过优化这些较冷阶段的反应条件来提高合成氨的总体生产率。我们提出了一种系统，用于控制多床反应器中每个催化剂床层的 H/N 比，并证明了在使用含有 Ru/Ce0.5La0.4Si0.1O1.8 催化剂的双床反应器时，氨生产率的提高。拟议的系统为加速将氨用作氢载体和燃料提供了各种机会。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative evaluation of leakage flow rate in the sealing part using graphite gland packing to mount a hydrogen separation membrane tube for HI decomposition membrane reaction 使用石墨压盖填料安装氢气分离膜管以进行 HI 分解膜反应的密封部分泄漏流量定量评估

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.334

Chihiro Sugimoto , Odtsetseg Myagmarjav , Nobuyuki Tanaka , Hiroki Noguchi , Hiroaki Takegami , Shinji Kubo

The thermal efficiency of hydrogen production in the thermochemical iodine-sulfur (or sulfur-iodine) can be effectively enhanced using a membrane reactor for the HI decomposition reaction (about 500 °C) for hydrogen production. The attachment of ceramic tubes, made of brittle materials, for hydrogen separation membranes to a tube plate via sealing parts is a critical aspect of this process. A quantitative procedure was specified to make an expanded graphite grand packing exhibit sealing performance. The applicability of the method was tested during 50 thermal cycles ranging between 25°C-450 °C and gas pressure of 0.3–0.9 MPa. The leakage flow rate using a dummy membrane tube and helium gas (a tracer gas) was approximately 2 × 10⁻⁵ Pa m³ s⁻¹. This value is comparable to the detection limit of the standard bubble leak test, indicating the effectiveness of this sealing procedure. Furthermore, the leakage flow rate was proportional to the differential pressure applied to the sealing part, suggesting a molecular flow type. This allows for estimating the leakage flow rate by introducing the conductance of flow paths, formulated based on the molecular kinetic theory of gases. An estimation method of the leakage flow rate at any packing size and any pressure difference is proposed, which can help design future practical membrane reactors.

利用膜反应器进行 HI 分解反应（约 500 ℃）制氢，可有效提高热化学碘硫（或硫碘）制氢的热效率。氢气分离膜用脆性材料制成的陶瓷管通过密封部件固定在管板上是这一过程的关键环节。为使膨胀石墨大填料表现出密封性能，指定了一个定量程序。在 25°C-450°C 和 0.3-0.9 兆帕的气体压力下进行了 50 次热循环，测试了该方法的适用性。使用假膜管和氦气（示踪气体）测得的泄漏流量约为 2 × 10-5 Pa m3 s-1。这一数值与标准气泡泄漏测试的检测极限相当，表明了这一密封程序的有效性。此外，泄漏流量与施加在密封部件上的压差成正比，表明这是一种分子流动类型。这样就可以通过引入基于气体分子动力学理论制定的流动路径电导来估算泄漏流量。本文提出了一种在任何填料尺寸和任何压力差条件下的泄漏流速估算方法，有助于设计未来的实用膜反应器。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of carbon-coated hydroxyapatite nanorods from bovine bone and application in the photocatalytic N2/H2O synthesis of ammonia 从牛骨中制备碳涂层羟基磷灰石纳米棒及其在光催化 N2/H2O 合成氨中的应用

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.201

Jianzhao Bao, Halidan Maimaiti, Jinyan Sun, Lirong Feng, Xuwei Zhao

Carbon-coated hydroxyapatite nanorods (HAp–C) were first synthesized using bovine bones from Urumqi as the carbon source. Ti³⁺-doped TiO₂ (Ti³⁺–TiO₂) was obtained via thermal reduction using NaBH₄. Ti³⁺–TiO₂ was hydrothermally deposited onto the surface of HAp–C, resulting in Ti³⁺–TiO₂/HAp–C formation. The photocatalytic N₂/H₂O ammonia synthesis performance of the prepared materials was investigated while analyzing their structure. HAp–C, a stable carbon material derived from bones, exhibits considerable photoluminescence under ultraviolet light. It serves as a substrate for the Ti³⁺–TiO₂ catalyst, reducing particle agglomeration and enhancing the photogenerated electron transfer rate. The presence of HAp–C further enhances the activation of Ti³⁺–TiO₂/HAp–C for N₂ adsorption and considerably increases its visible-light absorption compared to pure Ti³⁺–TiO₂. The 85%–Ti³⁺–TiO₂/HAp–C photocatalyst yielded 850.13 mol/(L·g cat.) of ammonia after 4 h of reaction during the photocatalytic N₂/H₂O ammonia synthesis, representing a 2.93-fold increase over the ammonia yield of pure Ti³⁺–TiO₂ under identical conditions.

碳包覆羟基磷灰石纳米棒（HAp-C）首先是以乌鲁木齐的牛骨为碳源合成的。通过使用 NaBH4 进行热还原，获得了掺杂 Ti3+ 的二氧化钛（Ti3+-TiO2）。Ti3+-TiO2 通过水热沉积到 HAp-C 表面，形成 Ti3+-TiO2/ HAp-C。在分析其结构的同时，研究了所制备材料的光催化 N2/H2O 合成氨性能。HAp-C 是一种从骨骼中提取的稳定碳材料，在紫外线下可发出相当强的光致发光。它可作为 Ti3+-TiO2 催化剂的基底，减少颗粒团聚，提高光生电子转移率。与纯 Ti3+-TiO2 相比，HAp-C 的存在进一步增强了 Ti3+-TiO2/HAp-C 对 N2 吸附的活化作用，并大大提高了其可见光吸收率。在光催化 N2/H2O 合成氨过程中，85%-Ti3+-TiO2/HAp-C 光催化剂在反应 4 小时后产生了 850.13 mol/(L-g cat.) 的氨，比相同条件下纯 Ti3+-TiO2 的氨产量增加了 2.93 倍。

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