Delays in Tocilizumab Therapy for Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis in the United States.

Abstract

Objective: Despite the high risk for permanent vision loss in elderly individuals with giant cell arteritis (GCA), initiation of subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ) is often delayed. We used chart review for GCA patients prescribed subcutaneous TCZ to investigate delays in drug initiation.

Methods: We included 82 patients with GCA at the University of Washington prescribed subcutaneous TCZ between 2017 and 2024. Time from medication request to medication approval/start and cost of TCZ were compared by insurance payor using 1-way ANOVA. Use of copay assistance, prior authorization requirement, drug manufacturer/foundation medication coverage, and switches to intravenous (IV) TCZ were compared by insurance using Pearson chi-square or Fisher exact tests.

Results: For all patients with GCA, the mean time between request and first dose was 43 days; the mean time between request and insurance approval was 17 days, and the mean time between medication approval and medication start was 30 days. Patients with Medicare or Medicare Advantage paid significantly more out-of-pocket for the first month of TCZ ($1399 vs $823, P < 0.01) and had significantly higher rates of copay assistance (P < 0.01) and full coverage of medication by the drug manufacturer or foundation (P = 0.04).

Conclusion: Patients with GCA experienced significant delays in starting TCZ therapy. In addition, patients on Medicare or Medicare Advantage plans had significantly higher out-of-pocket costs compared to other patients. These delays and costs are excessive for a vulnerable population with a potentially disabling disease. Further research is needed to investigate causes of delays, the high cost of medication, and effects on clinical outcomes.