Concurrent Validity of a Physical Activity Vital Sign Used in an Adult Preventive Cardiology Clinic.

Abstract

Background: In clinical settings, counseling patients on physical activity starts by assessing patients' current physical activity levels. Self-report measures of PA are generally easy to administer; however, they may be too long to be convenient and are known to correlate poorly with objective measures of physical activity.

Objective: To assess the concurrent validity of a self-report three-question physical activity vital sign with objective Fitbit step counts and the distance walked during a 6-min walk test.

Methods: This pilot study tested a best practice advisory embedded in the Epic electronic health record, which was designed to prompt providers in a preventive cardiology clinic to counsel patients reporting low levels of physical activity . Patients were invited to participate in the remote patient monitoring phase to assess the change in their physical activity by wearing a Fitbit for 12 weeks and completing a 6-min walk test at baseline and 12 weeks. This analysis used the cross-sectional data collected in this phase. Pearson correlations were conducted between self-reported physical activity, Fitbit step counts, and the distance walked during the 6-min walk-a measure associated with current physical activity levels. Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess agreement between the self-reported physical activity and step counts.

Results: Participants who enrolled in the Fitbit monitoring were approximately 50% female, with the majority identified as White non-Hispanic adults. Their most common cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension. The self-reported physical activity vital signs were significantly associated with step counts at baseline and 12 weeks but were not associated with the distance during the 6-min walk test. However, the distance walked was significantly associated with step counts at baseline and 12 weeks. The Kappa results demonstrate a poor level of agreement between two categories (meeting or not meeting current physical activity guidelines) of self-report physical activity vitals and the objective Fitbit step counts.

Discussion: There were moderate correlations between the self-reported physical activity vital signs and the Fitbit step counts, but there was lack of agreement when they were categorized. Further validation of this physical activity vital sign is warranted.