Perceived Connectedness to Nature in Fitness Enthusiasts, Golfers, and Climbers: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Health Science Reports Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1002/hsr2.70555

Daniela Haluza, Markus Spletzer, Julia Ortmann, David Jungwirth

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Connectedness to nature (CN) refers to the degree to which individuals feel a connection with the natural environment. CN has been associated with physical activity, life satisfaction, well-being, and pro-environmental behavior, making it a potential resource for both human and planetary health. This study aimed to compare self-reported CN levels among three groups of physically active individuals in the general adult population using two established CN measures: the Nature Relatedness-6 Scale (NR-6) and the Connectedness to Nature Single Item (CN-SI).

Methods

A large sample of 3357 participants, consisting of 1214 fitness enthusiasts, 1115 golfers, and 1028 climbers, participated in three targeted cross-sectional online surveys. CN levels were assessed using the NR-6 and CN-SI scales. Differences between groups were analyzed using statistical comparisons.

Results

Climbers exhibited significantly higher NR-6 scores compared to fitness enthusiasts and golfers, indicating a stronger sense of nature relatedness. However, CN-SI scores were highest among golfers. These findings suggest variations in CN perceptions depending on the type of physical activity performed.

Conclusion

Engaging in physical activity that involves direct interaction with nature, such as outdoor climbing, may enhance individuals' sense of connection with the natural environment. Given the negative health impacts of sedentary lifestyles, promoting outdoor physical activity could serve as a dual approach to improving both personal well-being and environmental awareness, fostering sustainability in the long term.

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