Experimental analysis of gas dynamics in the reactor cavity section of a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor during an accident scenario

Abstract

This study investigates the behavior of a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) during a break of the helium pressure boundary event. Understanding the gas dynamics that occur during a break could help develop safety systems that reduce the probability of air entering the reactor core. To achieve this objective, experimental studies were conducted in a scaled-down HTGR experimental facility to provide information on the air–helium gas mixture within the confinement building and the impact of the ventilation system on the helium/air gas concentration following the depressurization event. The study evaluated different configurations, including active ventilation time scales, break sizes, and locations. The analysis of the active ventilation time revealed that a ventilation time of 22 s produced positive results, and smaller break sizes resulted in longer depressurization times, which improved the ventilation process. The orientation and elevation of the breaks had little effect on the oxygen concentration in the cavity but did impact the gas velocities.