Plant proteins as substitutes for egg white protein in food foams: Meringues as a model system

Abstract

This study evaluated the properties of selected plant proteins as substitutes for egg white proteins in a model meringue batter. Different protein ingredients, namely wheat protein hydrolysate, potato protein, and aquafaba, were evaluated and compared with traditional egg whites. Both individual and mixed systems were investigated to assess the potential for partial or full replacement of egg white protein. Meringue batters made with egg white protein exhibited lower densities and greater overrun than those made solely with plant protein alternatives. However, when egg white protein was partially replaced with aquafaba and potato protein, comparable foaming properties were observed. A meringue batter composed purely of wheat protein hydrolysate displayed rapid foam formation but low stability. Foaming studies were conducted with and without sucrose, revealing important differences in the presence of sugar. With potato protein and aquafaba, foam volume decreased faster in the presence of sucrose. In contrast, sucrose enhanced foam stability in egg white protein and wheat protein hydrolysate solutions. These findings highlight the potential of plant proteins as substitutes for egg white protein in food foams, providing a foundation for further fundamental research. While promising, more comprehensive analyses and clearer guidance for practical applications would help strengthen both the academic and applied relevance of this work, particularly for future applications in bakery and confectionery products.