Diagnosis and latest treatment strategies of ANCA‑associated glomerulonephritis (Review).

Abstract

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a spectrum of conditions characterized by inflammation of the small- and medium-sized vasculature. Glomerulonephritis associated with AAV (AAV-GN) exerts a profound effect on patient survival and long-term prognosis, with renal impairment resulting in end-stage renal disease in ~20% of cases within a 5-year period. Therefore, the early detection of renal involvement is of pivotal significance. The present review aimed to summarize the diagnostic utility of serological and urinary assays, coupled with renal biopsy, in the context of AAV-GN, thus promoting the early diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, standardized protocols for glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive therapy have been established in the last decade, with the development of subsequent targeted treatment regimens. The current review also summarized the current research developments associated with AAV-GN, thus providing more references for clinical practice and benefiting a greater number of patients.