Adverse Reactions to Urinary Contrast: A Case Report and Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective

Intra-urinary iodinated contrast agents are commonly used in urological procedures, but research of allergic reactions is rare. This study presents a rare case of an intra-urinary contrast reaction, followed by a comprehensive literature review of adverse reactions to intra-urinary contrast.

Methods

PubMed and Embase databases were searched using Medical Subject Headings terms related to urinary procedures and contrast reactions, with additional articles identified through reference reviews.

Results

Adverse reactions to intra-urinary contrast agents are rare, with most reactions being mild. Severe reactions were infrequent, and both patient-related and contrast-related factors were identified as influencing the likelihood of adverse events. However, the role of previous intravenous contrast reactions as a predisposing factor and the effectiveness of premedication in preventing these reactions remain uncertain. Furthermore, clinical guidelines for diagnosing and managing such reactions are lacking.

Conclusion

Although urinary contrast reactions are uncommon, they can range from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis. Further research is needed to establish standardized premedication protocols and management strategies, and a better understanding of predisposing factors could enhance patient safety in urological procedures involving contrast agents.