Self-Efficacy, Physical Function, and Healthy Behaviors in Working Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions.

Abstract

Background: Individuals living with multiple chronic conditions (MCC; e.g., obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) are at an increased risk for occupational injuries, decreased work productivity, and early departure from the workforce.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 200 working adults with obesity and hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia was conducted to examine the relationships across self-efficacy, physical function, and healthy behaviors in addition to their relationship with the work environment.

Findings: Self-efficacy was found to have a statistically significant positive association with physical function (p < .001) as well as with eating behaviors (p < .001). Full-time workers reported greater physical function than part-time workers (p < .001), and those working in active/manual labor positions reported more physical activity compared to those working in sedentary positions (p = .001).

Conclusion: Individuals with greater self-efficacy for managing their chronic conditions also had higher physical function capabilities and healthier eating behaviors. In addition, individuals who work full-time reported higher physical function capabilities, and those in active work positions had higher physical activity scores. Future research is needed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

Application to practice: Occupational health nurses need to work with employees with MCC to help accommodate healthcare provider visits and/or work restrictions to allow employees to maintain full-time work in addition to encouraging sedentary workers to increase physical activity.