HIV Prevention and Sexual Health Conversations Among Women in Ending the HIV Epidemic Priority Communities: A Qualitative Exploration of Experiences and Preferences

Abstract

Despite significant advances in HIV prevention, women comprise ~ 20% of new HIV infections in the USA. New infections occur primarily in the South and among Black women, with research demonstrating that insufficient knowledge, inaccurate risk assessment, and HIV stigma impair HIV prevention. Understanding how cisgender women wish to communicate about sexual health and HIV prevention is vital to facilitating conversations about, and subsequent uptake of prevention methods. A total of 70 individuals who lived or worked in four HIV prevention priority counties in the state of Georgia were recruited through community-based organizations (CBOs) and flyers. Consenting participants completed 30–45-min interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim; transcripts were coded deductively and inductively. Participants were primarily female-identifying (91%) and were primarily Black. Overall, participants noted that community-level conversations about sexual health among women were limited due to stigma, despite endorsed comfort with conversations. Participants noted that media/community sources implied HIV prevention was unneeded for cisgender women. CBOs and informed community members were endorsed as trusted sources for information; clinicians were cited as a theoretically trusted source, particularly sexual health preventative care providers with established patient relationships, though barriers of medical mistrust, lack of cultural concordance, and stigma were noted. Suggestions for improved communication around HIV prevention included use of community members/trusted sources to facilitate conversation, promotion of non-judgment in clinical practice, and prevention awareness building. Participants’ responses suggest little-to-no movement in knowledge of HIV prevention for US women. Engagement of CBOs in community education, training of community leaders, and integration of trauma-informed and patient-empowering clinical practices should be explored to promote increased HIV prevention discussion and uptake among cisgender women in the US South.