Solid membrane-based aqueous lithium extraction and adsorption: Advances, challenges, and prospects

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of the new energy industry, the demand for lithium salts has increased dramatically, making the efficient extraction of lithium from abundant aqueous lithium resources a global focus. Among the various lithium extraction methods, including nanofiltration, electrodialysis, and lithium-ion sieve membranes, thin-film-based lithium extraction components play a critical role. In this paper, three typical aqueous lithium extraction technologies utilizing solid membrane modules—nanofiltration, electrodialysis, and lithium-ion sieve membranes—are highlighted. Their research progress is comprehensively reviewed, the mechanisms of lithium extraction and separation are systematically explored, and the effects of various factors on lithium extraction efficiency are analyzed. The current status of membrane material preparation and lithium extraction performance is summarized, and the advantages and limitations of different technologies are compared. Furthermore, the industrial applications of global aqueous lithium extraction technologies are reviewed, key issues in current research are identified, and future research and development priorities for membrane-based aqueous lithium extraction technologies are proposed. This study aims to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the efficient exploitation of lithium-rich salt lake resources worldwide, thereby promoting innovation and advancements in lithium extraction technologies.