Characteristics of the 11th wave by SARS-CoV-2 KP.3 subvariant: Re-increase in pneumonia severity

IF 2.4 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiratory investigation Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1016/j.resinv.2025.03.001

Naoyuki Miyashita , Yasushi Nakamori , Makoto Ogata , Naoki Fukuda , Akihisa Yamura , Tomoki Ito

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Abstract

Objectives

We investigated the incidence and risk factors for requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in pneumonia patients with Omicron subvariants between the 9th and 11th waves.

Methods

We analyzed 536 patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants (175 cases were XBB lineage, 169 cases were JN.1, and 192 cases were KP.3 subvariants).

Results

Rates of ICU admission or requirement for IMV were significantly higher in patients with the KP.3 subvariant group than those with the XBB lineage and JN.1 subvariant groups. Patient age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09, P < 0.001), immunodeficiency (OR: 2.82), 2 or more co-morbid illnesses (OR: 2.54), and more than 2 years since last vaccination (OR: 1.29) were significantly associated with increased severity.

Conclusions

Physicians should recommend SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and positive use anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs when COVID-19 is found in patients who are ≥65 years old or who have multiple comorbidities.

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