Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitudes of General Population About Prostate Cancer-Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies Focusing on Lifestyle.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer and the third deadliest in Europe among men. PCa has several well-established risk factors; however, the influence of lifestyle factors remains under investigation, which may hinder efforts to encourage healthier behavior adoption. Thus, this systematic review explored the general population's perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes regarding PCa-related risk factors.

Recent findings: Eighteen qualitative studies were included after searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE scientific databases between January 2013 and February 2023. Five major themes emerged from the 18 included studies: PCa knowledge, risk factors, lifestyle pattern changes, motivation/barriers to changing habits, and lifestyle advice support. Participants identified age, family history, genetics, and race/ethnicity as risk factors for PCa, but no consensus has been reached regarding lifestyle. However, most of the participants were willing to adopt healthier habits. Support from healthcare professionals (HPs), family, and friends, the desire for more time with loved ones, and fear of PCa consequences were cited as motivators for habit changes. However, poor economic conditions, work schedules, age, and PCa limitations hamper lifestyle changes. Effective interventions require personalized support and credible information from healthcare providers. Collaboration between family, friends, and HPs is crucial for promoting healthier behaviors and enhancing PCa management. This systematic review highlights the need for further research and innovative approaches to empower individuals towards healthier lifestyles, which could help prevent PCa or, at the very least, promote better treatment outcomes.