{"title":"CSI-Based NOMA With EM Algorithm for ISAC","authors":"Qi Zheng;Miaowen Wen;Yue Xiao;Jie Li","doi":"10.1109/TVT.2025.3552828","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Channel state information (CSI)-based sensing can interfere with communication signals in existing wireless networks. To address this and achieve integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) with higher spectral efficiency, in this letter, we propose a novel expectation maximization (EM) algorithm-aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme that enables a communication user and a sensing user to share same time and frequency resources, and extend it to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) scenarios. By using the EM algorithm, communication CSI, sensing CSI, and data symbols are iteratively estimated. Moreover, we introduce a new sensing pattern for highly accurate initial estimation of the communication channel, such that enhanced sensing channel estimation subsequently refines communication channel estimation. The initial sensing channel estimation performance is theoretically analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our approach for both phase shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals over the benchmark scheme.","PeriodicalId":13421,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","volume":"74 8","pages":"13184-13189"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10933802/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Channel state information (CSI)-based sensing can interfere with communication signals in existing wireless networks. To address this and achieve integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) with higher spectral efficiency, in this letter, we propose a novel expectation maximization (EM) algorithm-aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme that enables a communication user and a sensing user to share same time and frequency resources, and extend it to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) scenarios. By using the EM algorithm, communication CSI, sensing CSI, and data symbols are iteratively estimated. Moreover, we introduce a new sensing pattern for highly accurate initial estimation of the communication channel, such that enhanced sensing channel estimation subsequently refines communication channel estimation. The initial sensing channel estimation performance is theoretically analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our approach for both phase shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals over the benchmark scheme.
期刊介绍：
The scope of the Transactions is threefold (which was approved by the IEEE Periodicals Committee in 1967) and is published on the journal website as follows: Communications: The use of mobile radio on land, sea, and air, including cellular radio, two-way radio, and one-way radio, with applications to dispatch and control vehicles, mobile radiotelephone, radio paging, and status monitoring and reporting. Related areas include spectrum usage, component radio equipment such as cavities and antennas, compute control for radio systems, digital modulation and transmission techniques, mobile radio circuit design, radio propagation for vehicular communications, effects of ignition noise and radio frequency interference, and consideration of the vehicle as part of the radio operating environment. Transportation Systems: The use of electronic technology for the control of ground transportation systems including, but not limited to, traffic aid systems; traffic control systems; automatic vehicle identification, location, and monitoring systems; automated transport systems, with single and multiple vehicle control; and moving walkways or people-movers. Vehicular Electronics: The use of electronic or electrical components and systems for control, propulsion, or auxiliary functions, including but not limited to, electronic controls for engineer, drive train, convenience, safety, and other vehicle systems; sensors, actuators, and microprocessors for onboard use; electronic fuel control systems; vehicle electrical components and systems collision avoidance systems; electromagnetic compatibility in the vehicle environment; and electric vehicles and controls.
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