Potential Natural Plant Polysaccharides for Use as Feed Additives in Aquaculture: Structure–Activity Relationship, Benefits, and Restrictions

Abstract

Some potential natural plant polysaccharides (PNPP) exhibit a diverse array of beneficial biological activities and are increasingly utilized as feed additives in environmentally sustainable aquaculture. This review summarizes the extraction and purification methods, as well as the processes involved in obtaining natural plant polysaccharides. Subsequently, we provide an in-depth discussion on the relationship between the structural characteristics of PNPP and their associated biological activities. Following this, we highlight the advantageous effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, and other PNPP within aquaculture settings. We also briefly elucidate the pathways and mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects based on their biological properties. Finally, we outline the limitations currently faced in applying these PNPP to aquatic farming while proposing future directions for development in this field. This review aims to enhance understanding of potential natural plant polysaccharides and offers a theoretical foundation for forthcoming research and applications within aquaculture.