Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

The development of aquafeed is indeed crucial for maintaining sustainability in aquaculture. Conventional plant-based protein meals, such as soybean meal, canola meal, DDGS, cottonseed, corn meal, and their combinations have been extensively explored in aquafeed used in fed-aquaculture systems. Nevertheless, endeavors and scholarly interest in incorporating non-conventional plant-based feed ingredients (NPFIs) with nutritional value into aquafeeds for sustainable aquaculture production remain ongoing. NPFIs that have yet to be fully explored and authorized might be considered as a novel source of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and functional biomolecules. There are a diverse number of NPFIs, such as seed meal, leaf meal, seed cake, kernel meal, by-product meal, and fruit waste meal that exhibit considerable diversity in their nutritional profile, with the crude protein content varying from 2.4% to 76.4% and crude lipid levels ranging from 0.2% to 39.5%. Besides, the presence of various amounts of fatty acids, amino acids, and phytochemicals may positively enhance growth and feed efficiency and promote the overall health of aquatic species, making them considered as valuable aquafeed ingredients. This review, therefore, aims to comprehensively investigate and critically evaluate the utilization of NPFIs as novel feed ingredients for the growth, health, and welfare of farmed aquatic species. A Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-and-Threats (SWOT) analysis has also been conducted to assess the feasibility of NPFIs for aquafeeds. As a result, this review indicates that the integration of NPFIs into aquafeeds as feedstuffs or feed additives offers great potential in the sustainable development of aquaculture production for all parties involved, particularly small-scale producers.

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), encompassing microplastics (MPs, diameters < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, diameters < 100 nm), threaten the health of farmed fish and the safety of aquatic products through contaminated water and feed. Nutritional modulation is recognized as a critical strategy to enhance fish resilience against environmental stressors, but targeted MNPs toxicity interventions are nascent. This review analyzed the distribution features of MNPs in aquatic environments and fish, and elucidated toxicity mechanisms—including reduced feed utilization, physical abrasion, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota disruption. It also highlighted nutritional strategies to mitigate MNPs toxicity: macronutrient (protein and energy) optimization balances metabolism, micronutrient (vitamins, selenium, and zinc) fortification enhances antioxidant defenses, and functional additives (e.g., probiotics, astaxanthin, microalgae, etc.) reduce MNPs absorption, oxidative damage, and inflammation. Future research should focus on precision nutrition, toxicological mechanisms and repair, microecology modulation, and nano-biotechnology solutions. This review aids in understanding the MNPs' impact on farmed fish, especially in developing effective nutritional mitigation interventions for sustainable aquaculture.

The rice–crayfish integrated system (RCIS) is vital to Asian aquaculture, yet its sustainability is threatened by a critical paradox: pesticides used in rice cultivation jeopardize the health of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and the safety of its products. This review systematically synthesizes evidence establishing oxidative stress as the central hub linking pesticide exposure to multilevel toxicity in P. clarkii. We delineate how pesticides dysregulate key pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, NF-κB), triggering apoptosis, metabolic disruption, and immunosuppression. A pivotal mechanism involves pesticide-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which diminishes beneficial short-chain fatty acids and enriches pathogens, thereby amplifying intestinal barrier damage and host vulnerability. These interconnected processes collectively stunt growth and heighten susceptibility to pathogens like white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Beyond organismal effects, we evaluate environmental pesticide fate and propose a novel risk assessment framework integrating these sublethal endpoints. Our proposed mitigation strategies include eco-friendly pesticides, ecological engineering, and microbiome-directed interventions. We advocate for future research prioritizing multi-omics and mixture toxicity assessment. By deciphering this toxicity cascade and translating insights into practice, this review aims to protect the productivity, ecological integrity, and food safety of integrated aquaculture systems for long-term sustainability.

Non-contact fish phenotyping has become an essential strategy for precision aquaculture, enabling accurate, high-throughput, and non-invasive trait measurement. In this review, a digital phenotyping framework is summarized, including application-driven trait definition, multimodal data acquisition (2D, 2.5D, and 3D imaging), and automated phenotypic analysis based on computer vision and deep learning. According to current research paradigms, optical phenotyping applications are systematically categorized into three major domains: morphological, behavioral, and appearance-based phenotyping. Multimodal optical sensing systems now support high-throughput morphological, behavioral, and appearance-based phenotyping, enabling applications ranging from biomass estimation and intelligent feeding control to selective breeding, product quality evaluation, species identification, and disease diagnosis. Despite rapid methodological progress, most existing studies remain confined to laboratory or semi-controlled environments, and large-scale implementation in commercial production systems is still limited. Key challenges persist in underwater image degradation, posture-induced measurement uncertainty, data heterogeneity, model generalizability, computational constraints, and the integration of phenotypic and genomic data for precision breeding. Finally, future development pathways are discussed, including efficient and flexible data acquisition platforms, lightweight and real-time processing, transfer and few-shot learning, multimodal data fusion, novel phenotype quantification, and standardized open datasets. Based on a comprehensive analysis of over 100 studies, this review maps the current technological landscape and proposes pathways toward scalable, intelligent phenotyping systems that can improve fish welfare, enhance breeding efficiency, and promote sustainable aquaculture management.

As ecosystem engineers, crab behaviors not only reflect the physiological state and welfare of individuals but also act as regulators influencing the function and stability of aquaculture systems. However, research on the behavioral responses of cultured crabs to environmental factors remains incomplete, and studies on how their behaviors affect the environment are even more limited. To enhance productivity, welfare, and environmental sustainability and provide theoretical support for the optimization of crab culture systems, it is essential to clarify the interactions between the behavior of crabs and the environmental factors. This review synthesizes and summarizes the major environmental factors, physical (temperature, substrate and shelter, sound, hydrostatic pressure), chemical (dissolved oxygen, ammonia, pH, pollutants, salinity), and biological (prey, conspecifics, polyculture species, pathogens), and their impacts on various behavioral patterns of crabs, including feeding, foraging, grooming, mating, aggressive, territorial, burying, burrowing, sheltering behavior, and cannibalism. Decoding sensory processing and behavioral mechanisms in crabs is pivotal for breakthroughs in intelligent and welfare-oriented crab culture. Additionally, we summarize the disturbances caused by crab behaviors—such as burrowing, feeding, and social interactions—on substrate water characteristics, microbial composition, and polyculture species. Based on these insights, we list future research and applications in crab behavior, including precise behavioral monitoring, group behavior evaluation, and aquaculture environmental management. We hope this review will encourage greater attention to the behavior of cultured animals, promoting the application of behavioral studies in crab culture and providing theoretical support for the industry's high-quality development.

Pejerrey is a native fish of the Pampas with relevance in aquaculture and sport fisheries. This review integrates current knowledge on the biology, culture, and physiological adaptations of this species, emphasizing its potential for sustainable aquaculture. From a biological perspective, pejerrey exhibits a unique combination of genotypic and temperature-dependent sex determination, making it a prime model for studying sex determination in vertebrates. From an aquaculture standpoint, many of the potential limitations of pejerrey farming have been addressed by focused research, such as the low batch fecundity, poor synchronization of maturation, and limited sperm availability are now almost completely mitigated by advances in photothermal and hormonal manipulation of maturation and broodstock husbandry. Osmoregulatory studies confirmed that pejerrey is a euryhaline species, thriving in brackish water, which enhances survival and stress tolerance across all life stages, resolving early misconceptions of pejerrey as a strictly freshwater fish. With survival under control, the low growth rate is now the next research challenge, although it is compensated for by the quality and high market value of the fish. Triploidy induction, interspecific hybridization with the Patagonian pejerrey, and thermal treatments for sex control offer promising avenues for growth improvement through reproductive suppression or monosex culture. The sequencing of its genome paves the way for genetic improvement via genomic selection and gene editing. Ongoing nutritional studies are key to optimizing diets, enhancing growth rates, and improving reproductive success. Further investigations on these and other areas should help realize the aquaculture potential of this economically significant species.