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Why aquaculture needs immunology 为什么水产养殖需要免疫学
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12946
Geert F. Wiegertjes
Health of farmed fish and shellfish deserves a top priority. To help prevent and fight the global disease crisis in aquaculture, it is high time to further explore immunology. And high time for immunologists specialized in aquaculture to start taking aquaculture more seriously. As a first step forward, find here some challenges and many opportunities.
养殖鱼类和贝类的健康理应成为重中之重。为了帮助预防和应对全球水产养殖业的疾病危机,现在是进一步探索免疫学的时候了。水产养殖领域的免疫学家也应该开始更加认真地对待水产养殖。作为迈出的第一步,我们在这里发现了一些挑战和许多机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Indicators for ecological carrying capacity of bivalve and seaweed aquaculture 双壳贝类和海藻养殖的生态承载能力指标
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12945
Carrie J. Byron, Sophie Koch, Myriam D. Callier, Lotta Kluger, Dror L. Angel, Jan Vanaverbeke, Ramon Filgueira
Within the framework of Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA), ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is a key concept that helps to determine the upper limit of production without compromising ecosystem functioning. The implementation of ECC is complex as ECC differs between type of farms and location and standardised methods should be developed for management. There is therefore a clear need for operational indicators. The objectives of this paper were: (1) to carry out a systematic literature review on shellfish and seaweed aquaculture-environment interactions to list the most used environmental indicators, (2) to classify the indicators according to the effects they measure (i.e., benthic, water quality, food web interactions, cultured organism health, resource use) and the scale at which they are applied, and (3) to assess their potential based on four indicator criteria categories: sensitivity, accuracy and precision, feasibility and utility, and ecosystem-level scalability. Overall, indicators describing benthic effects were the most highly cited and scored. Indicators identified for bivalve and seaweed culture were discussed and compared to previous work on salmon aquaculture indicators to highlight similarities and differences across trophic levels. In addition, questions related to the challenges of ECC indicators implementation were presented to a panel of experts. The scoring and consultation provided the source of discussion on environmental management consistent with EAA.
在水产养殖生态系统方法(EAA)框架内,生态承载力(ECC)是一个关键概念,有助于在不损害生态系统功能的情况下确定生产上限。生态承载力的实施非常复杂,因为不同类型的养殖场和不同地点的生态承载力各不相同,应制定标准化的管理方法。因此,显然需要制定操作指标。本文的目标是(1) 对贝类和海藻水产养殖与环境的相互作用进行系统的文献综述,列出最常用的环境指标,(2) 根据指标测量的效果(即底栖、水质、食物网相互作用、养殖生物健康、资源利用)和应用规模对指标进行分类,(3) 根据四个指标标准类别评估其潜力:灵敏度、准确性和精确度、可行性和实用性以及生态系统级可扩展性。总体而言,描述底栖生物影响的指标被引用和评分最多。对双壳贝类和海藻养殖指标进行了讨论,并将其与以前的鲑鱼养殖指标进行了比较,以突出不同营养级的异同。此外,还向专家小组提出了与实施环境协调委员会指标的挑战有关的问题。评分和咨询为讨论与 EAA 一致的环境管理提供了源泉。
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引用次数: 0
Role of β‐glucan on finfish and shellfish health and well‐being: A systematic review and meta‐analysis β-葡聚糖对鳍鱼和贝类健康和福祉的作用:系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12944
Hien Van Doan, Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon, Hung Quang Tran, Chinh Xuan Le, Eman Y. Mohammady, Ehab R. El‐Haroun, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Einar Ringo, Vlastimil Stejskal, Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the inclusion of β‐glucan in aquaculture animal diets and its impact on their health outcomes. Relevant studies were identified from Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 82 primary studies published between 1996 and 2024 were reviewed, of which 70 were included in the meta‐analysis. The results revealed that the application of β‐glucan to aquaculture animal's diets significantly enhanced specific growth rate (SGR; mean effect, g = 2.71; p < 0.001), feed conversion ratio (FCR; g = −3.88; p < 0.0001) and lowered mortality after exposure to pathogens. Likewise, β‐glucan had a positive influence (p < 0.0001) on innate immune parameters (lysozyme and phagocyte activity, NBT, ACH50, and IgM). The study found that the effects of β‐glucans varied among marine and freshwater fish where freshwater fishes (g = 2.05–6.57) exhibit better performance. This study also found a negative correlation between fish's innate immune response and trophic level, suggesting that fish with higher trophic levels may be less efficient at absorbing this bio‐stimulant. Even though there were high heterogeneity (I2 = 73%–97%, p < 0.05) due to the diversity of tested organisms and publication bias, our model and findings are valid. The findings suggest that the dietary application of β‐glucans can have beneficial effects on growth and immune responses especially for freshwater species. The validity of these observations needs to be confirmed by further prospective studies.
本研究旨在对水产养殖动物日粮中添加β-葡聚糖及其对其健康结果的影响进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。从 Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库中找到了相关研究。共审查了 1996 年至 2024 年间发表的 82 项主要研究,其中 70 项被纳入荟萃分析。结果显示,在水产养殖动物日粮中添加β-葡聚糖可显著提高特定生长率(SGR;平均效应,g = 2.71;p <;0.001)、饲料转化率(FCR;g = -3.88;p <;0.0001),并降低接触病原体后的死亡率。同样,β-葡聚糖对先天性免疫参数(溶菌酶和吞噬细胞活性、NBT、ACH50 和 IgM)也有积极影响(p < 0.0001)。研究发现,β-葡聚糖对海水鱼和淡水鱼的影响各不相同,其中淡水鱼(g = 2.05-6.57)的表现更好。这项研究还发现,鱼类的先天免疫反应与营养级之间存在负相关,这表明营养级越高的鱼类吸收这种生物刺激剂的效率越低。尽管由于受测生物的多样性和发表偏差而存在高度异质性(I2 = 73%-97%, p <0.05),但我们的模型和研究结果是有效的。研究结果表明,膳食中添加β-葡聚糖对淡水物种的生长和免疫反应有好处。这些观察结果的有效性还需要进一步的前瞻性研究来证实。
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引用次数: 0
The problems with pin bones: Intermuscular bone development and function in salmonids and their implications for aquaculture 针骨的问题:鲑鱼肌间骨的发育和功能及其对水产养殖的影响
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12942
Brianne A. Lyall, P. Eckhard Witten, Chris G. Carter, Matthew R. Perrott, Jane E. Symonds, Seumas P. Walker, Zac Waddington, Gianluca Amoroso
A healthy skeletal system is fundamental to fish welfare and performance and a key physiological feature of a robust fish. The presence of skeletal deformities in farmed salmonids is a persistent welfare problem in aquaculture, and one which threatens to impede industry growth. Deformities of the fine bones of fish, such as ribs and intermuscular bones (IBs), have received less attention than vertebral body deformities, despite their potential to compromise fish welfare and product quality. IBs, commercially known as pin bones, are small spicule-like bones embedded in the muscle fillets of salmonids, cyprinids and other basal teleost species. In farmed basal teleosts, they impact fish processing, have negative effects on the economic value of fish and present a potential consumer health concern if ingested. Current understanding of IB development and function in teleosts has mostly relied on morphological research. More recently, advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of IB development in cyprinids have been made, largely due to the exploration of breeding IB-free fish for use in aquaculture. In this review, we explore the existing literature on IBs in teleosts, highlight the points of contention within this field of research and identify the significant knowledge gaps about the development and function of salmonid IBs. To our knowledge, there is no available research on the function of IBs and scarce research concerning IB development in salmonids. Future research on teleost IBs would benefit from the use of consistent terminology to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and identify research outputs in this field.
健康的骨骼系统是鱼类福利和性能的基础,也是健壮鱼类的关键生理特征。养殖鲑鱼的骨骼畸形是水产养殖中一个长期存在的福利问题,有可能阻碍行业发展。尽管肋骨和肌间骨(IBs)等鱼类细骨畸形有可能损害鱼类福利和产品质量,但与椎体畸形相比,它们受到的关注较少。肌间骨在商业上被称为针骨,是嵌在鲑科鱼类、鲤科鱼类和其他基干远东鱼类肌肉片中的小刺状骨骼。在养殖的基干远洋鱼类中,它们会影响鱼类的加工,对鱼类的经济价值产生负面影响,而且一旦摄入会对消费者的健康造成潜在威胁。目前,对远洋鱼类 IB 发育和功能的了解主要依赖于形态学研究。最近,我们对鲤科鱼类 IB 发育的分子机制的了解取得了进展,这主要归功于在水产养殖中培育无 IB 鱼类的探索。在这篇综述中,我们探讨了有关俊鱼类 IB 的现有文献,强调了这一研究领域的争议点,并指出了有关鲑鱼 IB 发育和功能的重大知识空白。据我们所知,目前还没有关于IB功能的研究,有关鲑鱼IB发育的研究也很少。使用统一的术语来促进跨学科合作并确定该领域的研究成果,将有益于未来有关远足类动物 IB 的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the sources, fate and effects of microplastics in aquatic environments with a focus on risk profiling in aquaculture systems 了解微塑料在水生环境中的来源、归宿和影响,重点是水产养殖系统中的风险分析
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12941
Naveed Nabi, Ishtiyaq Ahmad, Adnan Amin, Mohd Ashraf Rather, Imtiaz Ahmed, Younis Ahmad Hajam, Saba Khursheed, Monisa Mehboob Malik, Adnan Abubakr
The upsurge in the usage of plastics on a global scale has led to the widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. This review starts by outlining the current global scenario of plastic production. It then delves into the various sources of plastics and their entry into aquatic systems, including their impact on fisheries and the aquaculture sector. The detailed analysis of plastic entry and various methods of degradation into small sized, MPs followed by their transport, uptake and trophic transference have been reviewed systematically. Besides, the review summarizes the current knowledge on impacts of MPs, their additives and associated contaminants on organisms living in the aquatic environment, particularly fish thriving in cultured conditions. The analysis of effects of MPs alone and in association with other contaminants like heavy metals, organic pollutants and leachates reveal serious effects such as cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, barrier attributes and genotoxicity among various aquatic species particularly, fish. In addition, the present review discusses MPs invasion into aquaculture systems, explores risk assessment both in terms of exposure risk and toxicological risks associated with biochemical nature, size, shape and concentration of MPs. Besides, risk management strategies and future prospective to control MPs associated hazards have also been highlighted. In summary, the present review outlines the various sources, fate, impact of MPs in aquatic environment highlighting the need to recognize MPs pollution as a serious threat to aquatic organisms and to formulate strategies including prevention, reduce, reuse and safe disposal of plastic material.
随着全球范围内塑料使用量的激增,水生环境中出现了大量的微塑料(MPs)。本综述首先概述了当前全球塑料生产的情况。然后深入探讨塑料的各种来源及其进入水生系统的情况,包括对渔业和水产养殖业的影响。报告系统地分析了塑料进入水生系统的详细情况,以及降解成小尺寸多孔塑料的各种方法,以及塑料的运输、吸收和营养转移。此外,该综述还总结了目前关于多孔塑料、其添加剂和相关污染物对水生环境中生物,尤其是养殖条件下的鱼类的影响的知识。通过分析 MPs 单独或与其他污染物(如重金属、有机污染物和沥滤液)一起产生的影响,可以发现 MPs 对各种水生物种(尤其是鱼类)产生了严重影响,如细胞毒性、免疫反应、氧化应激、神经毒性、屏障属性和遗传毒性。此外,本综述还讨论了 MPs 入侵水产养殖系统的问题,探讨了与 MPs 的生化性质、大小、形状和浓度有关的暴露风险和毒理学风险评估。此外,还强调了控制 MPs 相关危害的风险管理策略和未来前景。总之,本综述概述了 MPs 在水生环境中的各种来源、归宿和影响,强调有必要认识到 MPs 污染对水生生物的严重威胁,并制定包括预防、减少、再利用和安全处置塑料材料在内的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Arabic Abstracts 阿拉伯文摘要
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12929
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引用次数: 0
Science or science-fiction? Playing with ChatGPT to predict the future of the aquafeed industry 科学还是科幻?用 ChatGPT 预测水产饲料行业的未来
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12935
Sara M. Pinho, Giovanni M. Turchini

Technology continually reshapes our interactions with others and the broader society, with the environment, with the way we work and play, and possibly even the way we think. This continuous change seems to have recently accelerated by the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) tools. For those like us who are not AI experts, a simpler way to understand AI might be as a combination of algorithms and technologies that enable machines to mimic human-like cognitive functions, including problem-solving, learning from experience, and recognising patterns, all guided by human commands.1 Advanced AI capabilities, including complex machine learning algorithms and specialised decision-making processes, are predominantly found in paid platforms, tailored for industrial and collaborative use. Whereas other AI tools are freely available to the public and most of them engage with users in natural language conversations, that is, chatbots. Examples of such open-source AIs include Gemini (Google-based), Meta.ai (developed by Meta and integrated with their social media platforms), and ChatGPT (OpenAI). While each platform offers distinct features and functionalities, ChatGPT has notably revolutionised how the general public perceives and utilises AI tools.2 Since its release in November 2022, ChatGPT has been adopted for conversational interactions and widely used for knowledge searches, marking a significant shift in the accessibility and usability of AI for everyday users.

In the context of aquaculture, AI has the potential to help us drive the activity towards more sustainable practices.3 ChatGPT, for example, has surely been a source of information for many aquaculture students and farmers, and an additional tool for writing and researching for scientists. Most of us have probably used ChatGPT at least once for fun and curiosity, but possibly also to summarise information, provide definitions, interpret or translate a text, revise a code, or for searching an explanation on an unfamiliar concept related to aquaculture. These are general functionalities offered by ChatGPT, and other chatbots, and are mostly based on information available online. In this editorial of Reviews in Aquaculture, we wanted to go beyond the search for solely past information and, in a mix of scientific curiosity and trying to add extra fun in our daily research tasks, we asked ChatGPT to predict the future. We specifically explored its potential in predicting future trends in the aquafeed industry, inspired by the 6 out of 20 papers published in the current issue that directly focused on aquafeed or fish nutrition.4-9 For that, we asked two questions on future prediction and research guidance, and limited the output to 250 words. Prompts and responses are presented below:

Q1. What will the aquafeed industry look like by the end of the century?

为确保水产饲料在 2100 年前实现可持续发展,我应优先考虑的三大关键领域是什么?调查和开发替代蛋白质来源,如昆虫粉、单细胞蛋白和藻类,以减少对传统鱼粉和大豆配料的依赖。优化生产方法,确保可扩展性、营养质量和成本效益,同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响:探索水产饲料行业的循环经济模式,包括水产养殖和其他行业副产品和废物流的回收和再循环。研究将有机废物转化为优质饲料原料的创新技术,从而减少对原始资源的依赖,减轻环境污染:利用营养科学和饲料添加剂方面的进步,重点通过精准投喂技术对水产饲料配方进行微调。开发针对特定物种、生命阶段和环境条件的个性化投喂策略,以优化饲料转化效率,最大限度地减少营养流失,并降低对环境的总体影响。"通过分析第一份预测,我们认为 ChatGPT 以一种乐观和有点理想化的科幻视角(如果不是乌托邦式的)展示了创新和可持续发展的未来,技术驱动的解决方案将解决所有问题。虽然它强调了近期研究中反映出的雄心勃勃的行业目标,但这种预测似乎忽略了可能影响可行性的重要因素。例如,一些研究重点关注创新蛋白质配料,水产饲料行业已经出现减少使用野生鱼类配料的趋势。然而,需要强调纳入这些新配料的复杂性,主要是为了扩大生产规模、确保营养充足、了解其流变和感官特性以及在饲料生产过程中与其他原料的相互作用,并解决大规模养殖或生产这些原料的潜在生态影响。此外,人工智能产出反映了科学界长期存在的一种假设,即循环方法总是能保证环境的可持续性,尽管没有足够的科学或定量证据支持这种假设。另一个关键问题是对纵向一体化的强调,这很可能成为现实,因此需要进一步考虑,因为这可能导致垄断控制和缺乏多样性,掩盖而不是促进当地社会经济的可持续性。但在这里,我们几乎看不到想象力,也看不到类似科幻小说的建议,这令人欣慰地证明,人类的想象力和创造力很可能还没有被计算机取代的风险,至少目前是这样。ChatGPT 总结了近年来水产养殖营养研究人员瞄准的三个众所周知的热门话题。关于 "替代蛋白质来源"、"循环经济方法 "和 "营养优化与精准投喂 "的研究都很有意义,也很受欢迎,因为它们确实有助于提高水产饲料的可持续性。然而,ChatGPT似乎没有从根本上认识到,推进水产饲料可持续性主要取决于生态、社会和经济视角的整合,从而有可能开发出针对不同环境和利益相关者需求的具体解决方案。我们可以从这项工作中获得的启示之一是,人工智能是一个非常有用的工具,现在和将来都会越来越多地用于科学和研发领域。与算盘、计算器、个人电脑、写作和电子表格程序一样,不使用它将毫无意义。同样值得注意的是,人工智能的输出结果将始终取决于用户和提示的制定方式,正如我们在练习中看到的那样,我们将输出结果限制为几个字,这可能会限制解释的深度。在比较两个预测时,这种限制就变得很明显了,因为第一个预测没有提到可扩展性,而第二个预测却提到了。因此,我们认为应该向所有同时也是 ChatGPT 发烧友的研究人员提出警告:对这一工具可能存在的误解和误用,例如,将其用于解释研究结果和概念化研究,不太可能产生任何有影响力或新颖的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Spanish abstracts 西班牙文摘要
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12928
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引用次数: 0
Chinese abstracts 中文摘要
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12937
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引用次数: 0
Portuguese-Brazilian abstracts 葡萄牙语-巴西语摘要
IF 10.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12940
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Reviews in Aquaculture
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