Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

Among the jack family (Carangidae), pompanos, Trachinotus spp., are the most farmed globally. The top four most aquacultured species are golden pompano, T. ovatus, snubnose pompano, T. blochii, Indian pompano, T. mookalee, and Florida pompano, T. carolinus. While initial efforts to culture these species heavily relied on wild-caught small fish of various species (commonly referred to as ‘trash fish’) for growout, pompanos can readily accept and thrive on formulated pelleted feeds. This has largely been accomplished through decades of nutritional research where marine-based ingredients can be feasibly replaced with plant and animal-based protein mixtures as long as essential amino acids, including taurine, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids meet their nutritional requirements. Obstacles still exist, including relatively poor feed efficiency, despite having a high digestibility of various ingredients, along with major research gaps in pompano nutrition and feed management of late juveniles to near-market sized adults. Additionally, nutritional research on vitamin requirements as well as “functional feeds” and “finishing diets” designed for pompano is also relatively limited. After briefly describing the research history and production of the four most commonly farmed Trachinotus species, the main focus will be on discussing the feasibility of using alternatives to marine-based ingredients, the influence of different starch sources, vitamin/mineral requirements, the success of “functional feeds” and the effectiveness of different feed management strategies in pompano aquaculture.

Unusual mortalities of the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica were reported in 1946 along bays of the Mississippi River, USA, and later attributed to the protozoan Perkinsus marinus. Initially described as Dermocystidium marinum, the parasite was reclassified and has since become one of the most extensively studied pathogens of bivalve mollusks. It is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) because of its significant impact. In Mexico, the parasite was first detected in C. virginica from Gulf of Mexico coastal lagoons during the 1950s. Despite decades of research, no international-scale review of Mexican studies has been conducted. Twenty-five articles and eight postgraduate theses were identified that have investigated P. marinus and presumptive P. marinus in Mexico. One of the most significant findings is its detection on the Pacific coast, linked to oyster translocations. The parasite has been reported in a wide diversity of bivalve mollusks belonging to the families Mytilidae, Ostreidae, Pinnidae, Veneridae, and possibly Arcidae. Only two field studies have associated the parasite with mortalities, and their results remain inconclusive. Current evidence suggests that strain variability, host susceptibility, and environmental conditions of Mexico may reduce the lethality of P. marinus. Further research is needed to clarify parasite virulence, host–parasite interactions, and environmental influences. Such studies would not only improve risk assessment in Mexico but also alert other regions to the potential biosecurity significance of P. marinus in diverse bivalves. In addition, Perkinsus chesapeaki and Perkinsus spp. have also been tentatively detected by molecular genetic analyses, which deserve research.