Insight into the Mechanistic role of Colchicine in Atherosclerosis.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Globally, the prevalence of atherosclerosis (AS) is rising. Currently, there is no specific drug for AS. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the protective mechanisms of colchicine against the development and progression of atherosclerosis (AS).

Recent findings: Many studies highlighted that the anti-inflammatory drug colchicine reduces the severity of AS, although the underlying mechanism for the beneficial effect of colchicine was not fully clarified. AS is a chronic progressive vascular disorder characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Endothelial dysfunction is an initial stage in the pathogenesis of AS that is induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Engulfment of oxLDL by macrophages triggers the development of inflammation due to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Inflammatory and adhesion molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of AS. Infiltration and accumulation of leukocytes provoke erosion, rupture, and thrombosis of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, targeting inflammation and leukocyte infiltration by anti-inflammatory agents may reduce AS progression and complications. The anti-inflammatory drug colchicine reduces the severity of AS, although the underlying mechanism for the beneficial effect of colchicine was not fully elucidated.

In conclusion: colchicine through inhibition of vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, platelet aggregation and the modulation of autophagy reduces the development and progression of AS.