Association Between Sleep Duration and Cognitive Frailty in Older Chinese Adults: Prospective Cohort Study.

IF 5 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY JMIR Aging Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI:10.2196/65183

Ruixue Cai, Jianqian Chao, Chenlu Gao, Lei Gao, Kun Hu, Peng Li

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Abstract

Background: Disturbed sleep patterns are common among older adults and may contribute to cognitive and physical declines. However, evidence for the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive frailty, a concept combining physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults is lacking.

Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the associations of sleep duration and its changes with cognitive frailty.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2008-2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cognitive frailty was rendered based on the modified Fried frailty phenotype and Mini-Mental State Examination. Sleep duration was categorized as short (<6 h), moderate (6-9 h), and long (>9 h). We examined the association of sleep duration with cognitive frailty status at baseline using logistic regressions and with future incidence of cognitive frailty using Cox proportional hazards models. Restricted cubic splines were employed to explore potential non-linear associations.

Results: Among 11,303 participants, 1,298 (11.5%) had cognitive frailty at baseline. Compared to participants who had moderate sleep duration, the odds of having cognitive frailty were higher in those with long sleep duration (odds ratio [OR] =1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.48-1.97, p<0.001). A J-shaped association between sleep duration and cognitive frailty was also observed (p<0.001). Additionally, during a median follow-up of 6.7 years among 5,201 participants who were not cognitively frail at baseline, 521 (10.0%) developed cognitive frailty. A higher risk of cognitive frailty was observed in participants with long sleep duration (hazard ratio [HR] =1.32, 95% CI =1.07-1.62, p=0.008).

Conclusions: Long sleep duration was associated with cognitive frailly in older Chinese adults. These findings provide insights into the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive frailty, with potential implications for public health policies and clinical practice.

Clinicaltrial:

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