Enhancing the production of waste chicken fat biodiesel with ethanol improved engine properties

Abstract

The study uses co-solvent-based transesterification to turn chicken dung into biodiesel. Dry rendering was used to create chicken waste from lost fleshing and processing wastes, with a maximum fat percentage estimated to be 10% overall. The rendered chicken dung was then converted to biodiesel by employing potassium hydroxide as a base catalyst, methanol as the primary solvent, and ethanol as a co-solvent. Reaction parameters that were separately adjusted for methanol- and ethanol-based transesterification were used to identify the ideal range for the parameters. Along with production optimization, the biodiesel/waste chicken methyl ethyl ester (WCMEE) produced was assessed for its thermal and physicochemical qualities in compliance with ASTM D6751 requirements. The intriguing discovery that WCMEE are more fuel-efficient than fatty methyl esters is due to the presence of ethyl esters. According to the results, adding 10% chicken fat biodiesel did not appreciably alter engine torque, but because biodiesel has a lower heating value, specific fuel consumption rose by 6.3%. The peak pressure inside the cylinder increased significantly, and combustion began sooner. While NOx emissions rose by 10%, CO and HC emissions fell by 15% and 10%, respectively.