Innovative green and bio-based approaches for photosensitive nanoparticle synthesis: a review on methodologies, characterization, and applications

IF 4 Q2 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Micro and Nano Systems Letters Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI:10.1186/s40486-025-00223-7

Fatemeh Zanbili, Ahmad Poursattar Marjani

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Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly technologies has recently led to the development of green and bio-based synthesis methods for a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs). This is because these methods are non-toxic, biocompatible, and cost-effective. Photosensitive nanoparticles (PSNPs) have gained popularity due to their photo-responsive properties. PSNPs have also been found to be promising nanomaterials with applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, photovoltaics, bioimaging, drug delivery, and cancer treatment. However, conventional synthesis methods for PSNPs raise concerns about their environmental impact. To address these challenges, researchers have explored alternative synthesis approaches for PSNPs. This review comprehensively evaluates green and bio-based synthesis methods and their advantages and limitations for PSNPs and highlights their unique properties and applications in various fields. It also covers general concepts about PSNPs, their mechanism of action, characterization techniques, and challenges that have not been discussed in detail in previous studies. Moreover, this review uniquely addresses the challenges and potential solutions for scaling up green synthesis methods, an aspect often overlooked in the existing literature. By connecting fundamental research with industrial-scale applications, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on the sustainable production and various applications of PSNPs, emphasizing their potential in multiple fields.

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光敏纳米颗粒合成的创新绿色和生物基方法：方法、表征和应用综述

近年来，对可持续和环保技术的需求不断增长，导致了各种纳米颗粒（NPs）的绿色和生物基合成方法的发展。这是因为这些方法是无毒的，生物相容性和成本效益。光敏纳米粒子（PSNPs）由于其光响应特性而受到广泛的关注。psnp在光电子学、光催化、光电、生物成像、药物传递和癌症治疗等领域也有很好的应用前景。然而，传统的psnp合成方法引起了人们对其环境影响的担忧。为了解决这些挑战，研究人员已经探索了psnp的替代合成方法。本文综述了绿色和生物基合成psnp的方法及其优缺点，重点介绍了其独特的性质和在各个领域的应用。它还涵盖了关于psnp的一般概念，它们的作用机制，表征技术，以及在以前的研究中没有详细讨论的挑战。此外，本综述独特地解决了扩大绿色合成方法的挑战和潜在解决方案，这是现有文献中经常被忽视的一个方面。本文通过将基础研究与工业规模应用相结合，对psnp的可持续生产和各种应用进行了综述，强调了其在多个领域的潜力。图形抽象

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