Herb-Metal Ion Coordination Compounds with Photo/Electromagnetic Wave Response for Developing Various Anti-Infection Strategies

Abstract

The global rise in infectious diseases and antibiotic overuse exacerbate bacterial drug resistance, particularly in multidrug-resistant pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). While plant-derived flavones exhibit multi-target antibacterial mechanisms that overcome resistance, their therapeutic application remains constrained by poor aqueous dispersibility and stability. Herein, a luteolin-iron complex (Lut-Fe³⁺) is engineered through a facile coordination approach, where Fe³⁺ facilitates d-orbital splitting and generation of high-spin electrons. This octahedral complex demonstrates exceptional water dispersibility and exhibits broad-spectrum absorption across ultraviolet to microwave (MW) frequencies. Lut-Fe³⁺ demonstrates dual antimicrobial modalities: long-term antisepsis in the dark and rapid sterilization under light/MW irradiation. This multi-functional complex is further combined with various methods to develop therapeutic strategies for bacterial infections at different depths. Notably, the Lut-Fe³⁺ is engineered into an MW-responsive nebulization system, achieving effective eradication of MRSA-induced deep-tissue pneumonia in mice.