Self-Powered Ultraviolet–Visible-Near infrared broad spectrum Sb2S3/TiO2 photodetectors and The application in emotion detection

Abstract

The complexity of the detection task necessitates a broad spectrum of detection achieved through the cooperation of multiple detectors with different bands. The integrated system and multiple task modules enhance the complexity of the system, making it essential to develop a single photodetector with broad spectrum detection capabilities across ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths. An ultraviolet–visible-near-infrared broad spectrum self-powered Sb₂S₃/TiO₂ heterojunction photodetector was constructed using TiO₂ nanorod arrays, which possess excellent optical and electrical properties, along with Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles that have a narrow bandgap. The annealing temperature was utilized to regulate the crystallization quality and energy band structure of Sb₂S₃. The increased built-in electric field of the Sb₂S₃/TiO₂ heterojunction can improve the interfacial charge transfer capability. Sb₂S₃(310 ℃)/TiO₂ photodetector annealed at 310 °C, exhibited optimized self-powered photoresponse characteristics. The responsivity of the photodetector is 0.7 A/W, the detection rate is 7.4 × 10¹² Jones and the sensitivity is 1310 under illumination at 650 nm without external bias. Based on the photoresponse characteristics of the photodetector at 730 nm, changes in the light transmittance of human muscle tissue, caused by variations in blood oxygen levels, can indirectly reflect human emotional states. This indicates that the Sb₂S₃/TiO₂ photodetector is anticipated to be utilized in emotional state detection as well as other sensing and imaging systems. This work opens up an avenue toward wearable Sb₂S₃-based photoelectric devices.