Development of magnetically retrievable nanostructure Pd catalyst supported over magnetic nanocomposite assisted by Strawberry fruit extract and its application in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction and anti-colorectal, anti-gastric, and anti-pancreatic cancer effects

Abstract

In this work, we present a green and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing palladium (Pd) nanoparticles supported on magnetic Fe₃O₄ microcapsules, using Strawberry fruit extract as both a capping- stabilizing and reducing agent. The synthesized Fe₃O₄@Strawberry/Pd nanocatalyst was thoroughly characterized using TEM, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and ICP-OES. The catalytic potential of the Fe₃O₄@Strawberry/Pd was applied in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction for the production of biphenyl derivatives from halo arenes and phenyl boronic acid. The outcomes demonstrated that the synthesized nanocatalyst is highly efficient, effective, and exhibits various advantages, like mild reaction system, high catalytic activity, and the ability to be reused for up to seven consecutive cycles. MTT assay was used on colorectal carcinoma (HT-29 and Ramos.2G6.4C10), gastric cancer (MKN45 and KATO III), pancreatic cancer (PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2), and normal (HUVEC) cell lines for analyzing of cytotoxicity and anti-gastrointestinal system cancers effects of Fe₃O₄@Strawberry/Pd nanocatalyst. The nanoparticles had high cell death and anti-colorectal carcinoma, anti-gastric cancer, and anti-pancreatic cancer effects against HT-29, Ramos.2G6.4C10, MKN45, KATO III, PANC-1, and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. Among the above cell lines, the best result of anti-cancer properties of Fe₃O₄@Strawberry/Pd nanocatalyst was gained in the cell line of Ramos.2G6.4C10. The above results confirm the excellent anti-gastrointestinal system cancers effects of Fe₃O₄@Strawberry/Pd nanocomposite.