Nano-biochar-based struvite with urea reduces ammonia emission and warming potential, promotes nitrogen utilization balance, and improves net ecosystem economic benefits of paddy fields

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109872

Yanqi Li , Xuanming Wang , Yu Guan , Qi Wu , Daocai Chi , Nanthi S. Bolan , Kadambot H.M. Siddique

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Abstract

Context or problem

This study explores the development of an efficient, eco-friendly nano-biochar-based struvite (NBS) fertilizer by enhancing slow-release properties and nanocolloid content of biochar-based fertilizers through ultrasound-assisted magnesium modification.

Objective or research question

The NBS fertilizer is designed to partially replace urea at low doses, reducing the environmental impact of fast-release fertilizers while promoting nitrogen (N) balance in the soil–crop system.

Methods

A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different NBS substitution rates (0 %: CF, 10 %: B₁N₉, 30 %: B₃N₇) on soil aggregate stability, ammonia (NH₃) volatilization, warming potential, soil apparent N balance, crop N uptake, yield, and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB). The critical N concentration dilution curve model and N nutrition index (NNI) were used for assessment.

Results

The results showed that the treatments of replacing partial urea with NBS (BN treatments) significantly reduced cumulative NH₃ emissions by 19.64–35.20 %, lowering the warming potential by 14.85–31.93 kg CO₂-eq ha^–1. Floodwater NH₄⁺-N concentration played a stronger role in influencing NH₃ volatilization than floodwater pH. Increasing NBS application improved soil aggregate stability by enhancing the proportion of > 250 μm water-stable aggregates, thereby improving N retention. The BN treatments reduced soil apparent N loss by 21.32–41.84 %, and resulted in NNI values between 0.88 and 1.00, indicating balanced crop N utilization. Replacing 10 % urea with NBS (B₁N₉) led to displayed stronger N assimilation than the 30 % substitution (B₃N₇) under identical dry matter conditions. The B₁N₉ treatment also increased yields by 15.02 %, and improved NEEB by 4.38 % (two-year average).

Conclusions

Based on these findings, we recommend applying NBS to replace 10 % of urea to enhance agricultural sustainability and profitability.

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背景或问题本研究通过超声波辅助镁改性，提高生物炭基肥料的缓释特性和纳米胶体含量，探索开发一种高效、生态友好的纳米生物炭基硬石膏（NBS）肥料。目的或研究问题NBS肥料旨在以低剂量部分替代尿素，减少速效肥料对环境的影响，同时促进土壤-作物系统中的氮（N）平衡。方法进行了一项为期两年的田间试验，以评估不同的 NBS 替代率（0 %：CF、10 %：B1N9、30 %：B3N7）对土壤团粒稳定性、氨（NH3）挥发、升温潜力、土壤表观氮平衡、作物氮吸收、产量和生态系统净经济效益（NEEB）的影响。结果表明，用 NBS 替代部分尿素的处理（BN 处理）显著减少了 19.64-35.20 % 的累积 NH3 排放量，降低了 14.85-31.93 kg CO2-eq ha-1 的变暖潜势。洪水 NH4+-N 浓度比洪水 pH 值对 NH3 挥发的影响更大。增加 NBS 的施用量可通过提高 250 μm 水稳定团聚体的比例来改善土壤团聚体的稳定性，从而提高氮的保留率。BN 处理使土壤表观氮流失量减少了 21.32-41.84%，NNI 值介于 0.88 和 1.00 之间，表明作物氮利用率均衡。在相同的干物质条件下，用 NBS 替代 10% 尿素（B1N9）比 30% 替代（B3N7）显示出更强的氮同化能力。结论基于这些发现，我们建议使用 NBS 替代 10% 的尿素，以提高农业的可持续性和盈利能力。

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.