Pathological forgetting from a predictive processing perspective

Abstract

Recent research suggests that natural forgetting is beneficial, allowing the brain to prioritize relevant information and disregard the irrelevant, thus aiding decision-making and mental health. Conversely, pathological conditions may arise from disruptions in these memory control processes. Without adequate memory control capacities, individuals can suffer from conditions like PTSD or addiction (where unwanted or addiction-related memories persist) on one end of the scale, to conditions such as dementia, Parkinson’s disease or traumatic brain injury, which are characterised by heightened rates of forgetting on the other side. This review will explore the concept of predictive processing as a potential mechanism underlying pathological forgetting. It will summarise the neurobiological basis of predictive processing and how it influences what we remember or forget. As evident in the emerging literature, this has distinct implications for understanding pathological forgetting in psychological disorders. Finally, this review will highlight therapeutic interventions that have recently targeted predictive processes and consequently improved symptoms related to forgetting, suggesting translational applications for treatment approaches in these conditions.