Physicochemical Properties of Freeze–Dried Bigel-Based Materials Composed of Sodium Alginate/Whey Protein Isolate Hydrogel and Ethylcellulose/Sunflower Oil Oleogel

IF 5.4 2区化学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biomacromolecules Pub Date : 2025-04-14 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI:10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01677

Weronika Walendziak , Timothy E. L. Douglas , Justyna Kozlowska

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Abstract

Freeze–drying bigels is a novel technique for developing functional materials for dermatological and cosmetic use, leveraging the benefits of two structured phases. This study optimized freeze–dried bigels composed of whey protein isolate (WPI)/sodium alginate/glycerin hydrogel and ethylcellulose (EC)/Span 80/sunflower oil oleogel at varying hydrogel/oleogel ratios. The materials showed swelling ratios from 50% to 255%, with higher values for a lower oleogel content and higher polymer concentration. The higher oleogel content extended the degradation from a few hours to 7 days. The polymer concentrations and hydrogel/oleogel ratios influenced Young’s modulus (1.25–3.7 MPa). Porosity varied from 35% to 58%, and density varied from 100 to 200 mg/mL. The residual moisture content (5% to 20%) increased with EC content and decreased with WPI and oleogel content. These findings underscore the role of polymer concentrations and phase ratios in tuning the physicochemical properties of freeze–dried gels, positioning them as promising biomaterials for skincare and cosmetic applications.

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海藻酸钠/分离乳清蛋白水凝胶和乙基纤维素/葵花籽油油凝胶组成的冷冻干燥凝胶基材料的物理化学性质

冻干凝胶是一种用于开发皮肤病学和化妆品用途的功能材料的新技术，利用两种结构相的优势。本研究优化了由乳清分离蛋白(WPI)/海藻酸钠/甘油水凝胶和乙基纤维素(EC)/Span 80/葵花籽油油凝胶在不同水凝胶/油凝胶比例下组成的冻干凝胶。材料的溶胀率在50% ~ 255%之间，油凝胶含量越低，聚合物浓度越高，溶胀率越高。较高的油凝胶含量将降解时间从几小时延长到7天。聚合物浓度和水凝胶/油凝胶比影响杨氏模量（1.25-3.7 MPa）。孔隙度为35% ~ 58%，密度为100 ~ 200mg /mL。残余水分（5% ~ 20%）随EC含量的增加而增加，随WPI和油凝胶含量的增加而降低。这些发现强调了聚合物浓度和相比在调节冻干凝胶的物理化学性质方面的作用，将其定位为有前途的皮肤护理和化妆品生物材料。

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来源期刊

Biomacromolecules 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

4.80%

发文量

417

审稿时长

1.6 months

期刊介绍： Biomacromolecules is a leading forum for the dissemination of cutting-edge research at the interface of polymer science and biology. Submissions to Biomacromolecules should contain strong elements of innovation in terms of macromolecular design, synthesis and characterization, or in the application of polymer materials to biology and medicine. Topics covered by Biomacromolecules include, but are not exclusively limited to: sustainable polymers, polymers based on natural and renewable resources, degradable polymers, polymer conjugates, polymeric drugs, polymers in biocatalysis, biomacromolecular assembly, biomimetic polymers, polymer-biomineral hybrids, biomimetic-polymer processing, polymer recycling, bioactive polymer surfaces, original polymer design for biomedical applications such as immunotherapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, antimicrobial applications, diagnostic imaging and biosensing, polymers in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, polymeric scaffolds and hydrogels for cell culture and delivery.