Glycine betaine and plant abiotic stresses: Unravelling physiological and molecular responses

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Plant Science Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI:10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112479

Nenghui Li, Jing Li, Jianming Xie, Wenjing Rui, Kaiguo Pu, Yanqiang Gao, Tiantian Wang, Miao Zhang

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Abstract

Plants are constantly subjected to various abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, heavy metals and low temperature) throughout their life cycle, which significantly hinder their growth and productivity. Key abiotic stresses include drought, salinity, heavy metals, and extreme temperatures. In response, plants modulate glycine betaine (GB) levels, a vital compatible solute that influences growth and stress tolerance by interacting with phytohormones and cellular signaling pathways. Not all species can synthesize endogenous GB; however, some non-GB accumulating plants have been genetically modified to enhance GB production through the overexpression of synthesis genes such as choline oxidase, choline monooxygenase, and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. Exogenous GB treatment can mitigate stress effects by improving nutritional balance, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), minimizing membrane damage, and alleviating photoinhibition. Nonetheless, the specificity of GB application, transport, and accumulation across species, as well as its interaction with phytohormones in stress alleviation, remains uncertain. This review focuses on GB's role as an antioxidant, osmo-regulator, and nitrogen source, evaluating the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms by which GB mitigates abiotic stresses, aiming to develop GB-based strategies for enhancing plant stress resilience.

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甜菜碱与植物非生物胁迫：揭示生理和分子反应

植物在其整个生命周期中不断受到各种非生物胁迫（干旱、盐度、重金属和低温），这些胁迫严重阻碍了植物的生长和生产力。关键的非生物胁迫包括干旱、盐度、重金属和极端温度。作为回应，植物调节甘氨酸甜菜碱（GB）水平，这是一种重要的相容溶质，通过与植物激素和细胞信号通路相互作用影响生长和胁迫耐受性。并非所有物种都能合成内源GB；然而，一些不积累GB的植物已经通过基因改造，通过过度表达胆碱氧化酶、胆碱单加氧酶和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶等合成基因来提高GB的产量。外源GB处理可以通过改善营养平衡、减少活性氧（ROS）、减轻膜损伤和光抑制来缓解胁迫效应。尽管如此，GB在物种间的应用、运输和积累的特异性，以及它在缓解胁迫过程中与植物激素的相互作用仍不确定。本文综述了GB作为抗氧化剂、渗透调节剂和氮源的作用，探讨了GB减轻非生物胁迫的生理、生化和分子机制，旨在建立基于GB的植物抗逆性策略。

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来源期刊

Plant Science 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

1.90%

发文量

322

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Plant Science will publish in the minimum of time, research manuscripts as well as commissioned reviews and commentaries recommended by its referees in all areas of experimental plant biology with emphasis in the broad areas of genomics, proteomics, biochemistry (including enzymology), physiology, cell biology, development, genetics, functional plant breeding, systems biology and the interaction of plants with the environment. Manuscripts for full consideration should be written concisely and essentially as a final report. The main criterion for publication is that the manuscript must contain original and significant insights that lead to a better understanding of fundamental plant biology. Papers centering on plant cell culture should be of interest to a wide audience and methods employed result in a substantial improvement over existing established techniques and approaches. Methods papers are welcome only when the technique(s) described is novel or provides a major advancement of established protocols.