Enhanced photocatalytic ciprofloxacin degradation in industrial aquatic waste using CdS/Cs3Bi2Br9 nanocomposite synthesized by microwave energy

Abstract

For degradation of ciprofloxacin the as-prepared material was synthesized by microwave process. This study shows how to synthesize a hybrid heterojunction between Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ and CdS at various ratios. SEM-EDX pictures were used to assess morphological investigations and the composition of the dopants, demonstrating the existence of CdS in Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ nanostructured hybrid. Powder XRD was used to confirm the crystalline structures of CdS, Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ and CdS/Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ nanocomposites with crystalline size of 16.8 nm, 11.7 nm and 7.02 nm respectively. The bandgap energies for CdS, Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ and CdS/Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ is 3.4 eV, 3.5 eV and 3 eV respectively. The as-prepared material CdS, Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ and CdS/Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ photocatalysts were used to study the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) at the irradiation time, ideal pH, H₂O₂ conc. catalytic dosage and effect of temperature. Unexpectedly, at an ideal pH of 8, CdS, Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ and 5 %CdS/Cs₃Bi₂Br₉ demonstrated maximum degradation efficiency of 80 %, 65.5 % and 98.4 % respectively as compared to Solgel method based CdS which is 60 %, with a catalytic dosage of 10 mg and an irradiation period of three hours.