Acalypha indica: A comprehensive review of its natural compounds, and traditional medicine applications in COVID-19 management

Abstract

Indian Copperleaf (Acalypha indica) is a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic potential and applications in disease treatment, including COVID-19. Its medicinal properties stem from bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which exhibit anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, wound-healing, and antioxidant effects. Recent studies have also highlighted its antimicrobial and immune-boosting properties, suggesting its possible role in managing COVID-19 symptoms. This review explores the medicinal applications of A. indica, its potential in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms, and its limitations, particularly in the Malaysian healthcare setting. Research indicates that A. indica is effective in preventing microbial infections, modulating immune responses, and treating various ailments, especially when combined with other herbs, metals, and minerals. Since COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, traditional remedies such as A. indica tinctures may help relieve dry cough and lung congestion. Additionally, clinical trials involving A. indica powder have reported reductions in cough, throat pain, and sputum production. Although A. indica has not been proven to cure COVID-19, its antiviral and immune-modulating properties suggest it may aid in symptom relief and infection prevention. In regions where traditional medicine is widely used, A. indica could serve as a complementary treatment. However, further scientific validation through well-structured clinical trials is needed to confirm its efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action. Unlocking the full therapeutic potential of A. indica could contribute to the development of novel herbal treatments for respiratory and viral infections.