Advances in antimicrobial peptides: From mechanistic insights to chemical modifications

IF 12.5 1区工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Biotechnology advances Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-26 DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108570

Ren Yang , Xiaohan Ma , Feng Peng , Jin Wen , Latifa W. Allahou , Gareth R. Williams , Jonathan C. Knowles , Alessandro Poma

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Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), exploring their diverse sources, secondary structures, and unique characteristics. The review explores into the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial, immunomodulatory effects, antiviral, antiparasitic and antitumour of AMPs. Furthermore, it discusses the three principal synthesis pathways for AMPs and assesses their current clinical applications and preclinical research status. The paper also addresses the limitations of AMPs, including issues related to stability, resistance, and toxicity, while offering insights into strategies for their enhancement. Recent advancements in AMP research, such as chemical modifications (including amino acid sequence optimisation, terminal and side-chain modifications, PEGylation, conjugation with small molecules, conjugation with photosensitisers, metal ligands, polymerisation, cyclisation and specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides) are highlighted. The goal is to provide a foundation for the future design and optimisation of AMPs.

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抗菌肽的研究进展：从机理到化学修饰

本文综述了抗菌肽（AMPs）的研究现状，探讨了抗菌肽的来源、二级结构和特性。本文就抗菌、免疫调节、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗肿瘤等作用的机制作一综述。此外，还讨论了AMPs的三种主要合成途径，并评估了它们目前的临床应用和临床前研究状况。本文还讨论了amp的局限性，包括与稳定性，抗性和毒性相关的问题，同时提供了增强其策略的见解。AMP研究的最新进展，如化学修饰（包括氨基酸序列优化、末端和侧链修饰、聚乙二醇化、小分子偶联、光敏剂偶联、金属配体、聚合、环化和特异性靶向抗菌肽）。目标是为未来amp的设计和优化提供基础。

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来源期刊

Biotechnology advances 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

25.50

自引率

2.50%

发文量

167

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： Biotechnology Advances is a comprehensive review journal that covers all aspects of the multidisciplinary field of biotechnology. The journal focuses on biotechnology principles and their applications in various industries, agriculture, medicine, environmental concerns, and regulatory issues. It publishes authoritative articles that highlight current developments and future trends in the field of biotechnology. The journal invites submissions of manuscripts that are relevant and appropriate. It targets a wide audience, including scientists, engineers, students, instructors, researchers, practitioners, managers, governments, and other stakeholders in the field. Additionally, special issues are published based on selected presentations from recent relevant conferences in collaboration with the organizations hosting those conferences.