Treatment options of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in industrial wastewater: From fundamental technologies to energy valorization applications and future process design strategies

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Water Research Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123575

Chao Ma , Huiqin Zhang , Ziwei Liu , Xinran Meng , Sijia Chen , Jingsong Zhang , Yeqiang Li , Xia Huang

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Abstract

Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) widely exist in industrial wastewater and presented significant environmental and health risks due to their toxicity and persistence. This review addressed the challenges in treating NHCs in industrial wastewater, focusing on developing sustainable and efficient treatment processes. While various technologies, including adsorption, advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AOPs/ARPs), and microbial treatments, have been studied at the experimental stage of treating synthetic wastewater, scale-up for industrial applications is imperative. After analyzing the characteristics of NHCs and evaluating different treatment methods with the aid of efficiency and cost-benefit analysis, efficient detoxification while maximizing energy recovery constitutes a critical requirement in treating NHC-containing wastewater. Hence, we proposed a comprehensive strategy combining hydrolysis-acidification pretreatment enhanced by electro-assisted micro-aeration with methanogenic anaerobic digestion as core treatment units. The process design for NHC-containing wastewater treatment should consider the dynamic balance between removal efficiency, energy consumption, and ammonia recovery, incorporating environmental and economic impacts through life cycle assessment and technical-economic analysis. The potential of machine learning in optimizing operational parameters, predicting effluent quality, and supporting process design decisions is promising. To develop interpretable and practical solutions, the integration of data-driven approaches with mechanistic understanding and prior knowledge is indispensable. This review provided novel insights into sustainable NHC treatment strategies in the context of energy valorization and artificial intelligence advancement, offering guidance for future research and industrial applications.

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工业废水中氮杂环化合物的处理选择：从基础技术到能源增值应用和未来工艺设计策略

氮杂环化合物（NHCs）广泛存在于工业废水中，由于其毒性和持久性，给环境和健康带来了巨大风险。本综述探讨了处理工业废水中的氮杂环化合物所面临的挑战，重点是开发可持续的高效处理工艺。虽然在处理合成废水的实验阶段已经研究了各种技术，包括吸附、高级氧化/还原过程（AOPs/ARPs）和微生物处理，但扩大工业应用规模势在必行。在分析了 NHC 的特性并借助效率和成本效益分析评估了不同的处理方法后，高效解毒同时最大限度地回收能量成为处理含 NHC 废水的关键要求。因此，我们提出了一种将水解酸化预处理与电助微曝气强化相结合的综合策略，并将甲烷厌氧消化作为核心处理单元。含 NHC 废水处理的工艺设计应考虑去除效率、能耗和氨回收之间的动态平衡，并通过生命周期评估和技术经济分析将环境和经济影响纳入其中。机器学习在优化运行参数、预测出水水质和支持工艺设计决策方面具有巨大潜力。要开发可解释且实用的解决方案，就必须将数据驱动方法与机理理解和先验知识相结合。本综述在能源价值化和人工智能进步的背景下，对可持续的 NHC 处理策略提出了新的见解，为未来的研究和工业应用提供了指导。

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.