Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123366
Bharat Manna, Xueyang Zhou, Naresh Singhal
Since the Great Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago, microorganisms have evolved sophisticated responses to oxidative stress. These ancient adaptations remain relevant in modern engineered systems, particularly in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes, which serve as significant reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). While ROS-induced stress responses are known to promote ARG enrichment/emergence in pure cultures, their impact on ARG dynamics in wastewater treatment processes remains unexplored. Shotgun-metagenomics analysis of two hospital wastewater treatment plants showed that only 35-53% of hospital effluent resistome was retained in final effluent. Despite this reduction, approximately 29-36% of ARGs in CAS showed higher abundance than upstream stages, of which 20-22% emerged de novo. Beta-lactamases and efflux pumps constituted nearly 47-53% of these enriched ARGs. These ARGs exhibited significant correlations (p < 0.05) with ROS stress response genes (oxyR, soxR, sodAB, katG and ahpCF). The CAS resistome determined 58-75% of the effluent ARG profiles, indicating treatment processes outweigh influent composition in shaping final resistome. Proof-of-concept batch reactor experiments confirmed increased ROS and ARG levels under high dissolved oxygen (8 mg/L) compared to low oxygen (2 mg/L) concentrations. Untargeted metaproteomics revealed higher expression of resistant proteins (e.g., OXA-184, OXA-576, PME-1, RpoB2, Tet(W/32/O)) under elevated ROS levels. Our findings demonstrate that CAS processes actively shape effluent resistome through ROS-mediated selection, indicating that treatment processes, rather than initial wastewater composition, determine final ARG profiles. This study indicates that the emergence of ARGs needs to be considered as an integral aspect of wastewater treatment design and operation to prevent antibiotic resistance dissemination.
{"title":"ROS-Induced Stress Promotes Enrichment and Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Conventional Activated Sludge Processes","authors":"Bharat Manna, Xueyang Zhou, Naresh Singhal","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123366","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Great Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago, microorganisms have evolved sophisticated responses to oxidative stress. These ancient adaptations remain relevant in modern engineered systems, particularly in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes, which serve as significant reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). While ROS-induced stress responses are known to promote ARG enrichment/emergence in pure cultures, their impact on ARG dynamics in wastewater treatment processes remains unexplored. Shotgun-metagenomics analysis of two hospital wastewater treatment plants showed that only 35-53% of hospital effluent resistome was retained in final effluent. Despite this reduction, approximately 29-36% of ARGs in CAS showed higher abundance than upstream stages, of which 20-22% emerged <em>de novo</em>. Beta-lactamases and efflux pumps constituted nearly 47-53% of these enriched ARGs. These ARGs exhibited significant correlations (<em>p</em> < 0.05) with ROS stress response genes (<em>oxyR, soxR, sodAB, katG</em> and <em>ahpCF</em>). The CAS resistome determined 58-75% of the effluent ARG profiles, indicating treatment processes outweigh influent composition in shaping final resistome. Proof-of-concept batch reactor experiments confirmed increased ROS and ARG levels under high dissolved oxygen (8 mg/L) compared to low oxygen (2 mg/L) concentrations. Untargeted metaproteomics revealed higher expression of resistant proteins (<em>e.g.</em>, OXA-184, OXA-576, PME-1, RpoB2, Tet(W/32/O)) under elevated ROS levels. Our findings demonstrate that CAS processes actively shape effluent resistome through ROS-mediated selection, indicating that treatment processes, rather than initial wastewater composition, determine final ARG profiles. This study indicates that the emergence of ARGs needs to be considered as an integral aspect of wastewater treatment design and operation to prevent antibiotic resistance dissemination.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123365
Monika Temovska, Richard Hegner, Andrés E. Ortiz-Ardila, Joseph G. Usack, Largus T. Angenent
About 90% of global lactate production is derived from bacterial fermentation of sugars via pure homofermentative cultures in batch mode. Acid whey, which is a lactose-rich wastewater from the yogurt industry, can be used as an alternative substrate for commercial lactate production. Operating reactor microbiomes reduces the lactate production costs by circumventing sterilization, while continuous operation with biomass retention achieves higher productivity at shorter production times. To find the best reactor configuration with biomass retention for lactate production from acid whey, we operated three different reactor configurations: (1) an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor; (2) an anaerobic filter reactor (AFR); and (3) an anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with a hollow-fiber membrane module. We operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) to find the optimum production parameters. We did not use an inoculum but enriched the endogenous D-lactate-producing Lactobacillus spp. that later dominated the reactor microbiomes (> 90% relative abundance). Undissociated lactic acid concentrations of more than 60 mmol C L−1 inhibited the microbiomes. We alleviated the inhibition effect by shortening the HRT to 0.6 days and using diluted acid-whey substrate (1.67-fold dilution) to achieve almost complete conversion of the acid-whey sugars to lactate. At the 0.6-day HRT, the AFR and CSTR performed better than the UASB reactor due to their better cell retention abilities. During the period between Day 365-384, we experienced an error in the pH control of the CSTR system during which the pH value dropped to 4.3. After this pH-error period, the lactose and galactose-into-lactate (LG-into-LA) conversion efficiency for the CSTR considerably improved and surpassed the AFR. We achieved the highest lactate conversion rate of 1256 ± 46.3 mmol C L−1 d−1 (1.57 ± 0.06 g L−1 h−1) at a LG-into-LA conversion efficiency of 82.2 ± 3.4% (in mmol C), with a yield of 0.85 ± 0.02 mmol C mmol C−1 (product per consumed substrate) for the CSTR.
{"title":"Lactate production from lactose-rich wastewater: A comparative study on reactor configurations to maximize conversion rates and efficiencies","authors":"Monika Temovska, Richard Hegner, Andrés E. Ortiz-Ardila, Joseph G. Usack, Largus T. Angenent","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123365","url":null,"abstract":"About 90% of global lactate production is derived from bacterial fermentation of sugars <em>via</em> pure homofermentative cultures in batch mode. Acid whey, which is a lactose-rich wastewater from the yogurt industry, can be used as an alternative substrate for commercial lactate production. Operating reactor microbiomes reduces the lactate production costs by circumventing sterilization, while continuous operation with biomass retention achieves higher productivity at shorter production times. To find the best reactor configuration with biomass retention for lactate production from acid whey, we operated three different reactor configurations: <strong>(1)</strong> an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor; <strong>(2)</strong> an anaerobic filter reactor (AFR); and <strong>(3)</strong> an anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with a hollow-fiber membrane module. We operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) to find the optimum production parameters. We did not use an inoculum but enriched the endogenous D-lactate-producing <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp. that later dominated the reactor microbiomes (> 90% relative abundance). Undissociated lactic acid concentrations of more than 60 mmol C L<sup>−1</sup> inhibited the microbiomes. We alleviated the inhibition effect by shortening the HRT to 0.6 days and using diluted acid-whey substrate (1.67-fold dilution) to achieve almost complete conversion of the acid-whey sugars to lactate. At the 0.6-day HRT, the AFR and CSTR performed better than the UASB reactor due to their better cell retention abilities. During the period between Day 365-384, we experienced an error in the pH control of the CSTR system during which the pH value dropped to 4.3. After this pH-error period, the lactose and galactose-into-lactate (LG-into-LA) conversion efficiency for the CSTR considerably improved and surpassed the AFR. We achieved the highest lactate conversion rate of 1256 ± 46.3 mmol C L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> (1.57 ± 0.06 g L<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) at a LG-into-LA conversion efficiency of 82.2 ± 3.4% (in mmol C), with a yield of 0.85 ± 0.02 mmol C mmol C<sup>−1</sup> (product per consumed substrate) for the CSTR.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"247 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123346
Fengjun Yin, Xiaohui Yang, Shun Lu, Hanlin Zhang, Ying Zhao, Sha Wang, Cheng Song, Yongzhi Li, Zhaoming Chen, Hong Liu
Electrochemical nitrite sensing (ENS) is a competitive method for online monitoring in the intelligent control of biological nitrogen removal process. However, its popularity is extremely low due to complex wastewater interference and low sensor durability. Here, we developed a novel ENS method that utilizes the mass transfer signal (MTS) of the nitrite oxidation reaction (NOR), making detection accuracy dependent solely on mass transfer process. These features enabled us to design a catalyst-free, small-sized glassy carbon rotating disk electrode for accurate MTS determination with exceptional durability. The linearity of MTS versus nitrite concentration surpasses that of conventional differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry. The method has a wide linear range of 100 μM–100 mM, a detection limit of 28 μM, and a high sensitivity of 1638 μA mM-1 cm-2. Importantly, solution pH and coexisting buffers show no significant effect on MTS determinations as long as pH does not exceed 10. Excellent immunity to interference from ionic strength, temperature, COD, inert salts, metal ions, dissolved oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide was observed. While reducing substances capable of oxidation reactions do cause interference, they are not common in environmental samples. Finally, a self-designed detection system requiring a sample volume of 4 mL was used for wastewater testing. The results demonstrate good capability for nitrite detection during practical wastewater treatment processes, although relative error increases with the complexity and content of organic pollutants in the wastewater. Overall, this ENS method holds great potential for achieving rapid, stable, and low-cost nitrite sensing in environmental applications.
{"title":"Electrochemical Nitrite Sensing Using Mass Transfer Signal with a Catalyst-Free Small-Sized Rotating Disk Electrode for Wastewater Monitoring","authors":"Fengjun Yin, Xiaohui Yang, Shun Lu, Hanlin Zhang, Ying Zhao, Sha Wang, Cheng Song, Yongzhi Li, Zhaoming Chen, Hong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123346","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical nitrite sensing (ENS) is a competitive method for online monitoring in the intelligent control of biological nitrogen removal process. However, its popularity is extremely low due to complex wastewater interference and low sensor durability. Here, we developed a novel ENS method that utilizes the mass transfer signal (MTS) of the nitrite oxidation reaction (NOR), making detection accuracy dependent solely on mass transfer process. These features enabled us to design a catalyst-free, small-sized glassy carbon rotating disk electrode for accurate MTS determination with exceptional durability. The linearity of MTS versus nitrite concentration surpasses that of conventional differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry. The method has a wide linear range of 100 μM–100 mM, a detection limit of 28 μM, and a high sensitivity of 1638 μA mM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. Importantly, solution pH and coexisting buffers show no significant effect on MTS determinations as long as pH does not exceed 10. Excellent immunity to interference from ionic strength, temperature, COD, inert salts, metal ions, dissolved oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide was observed. While reducing substances capable of oxidation reactions do cause interference, they are not common in environmental samples. Finally, a self-designed detection system requiring a sample volume of 4 mL was used for wastewater testing. The results demonstrate good capability for nitrite detection during practical wastewater treatment processes, although relative error increases with the complexity and content of organic pollutants in the wastewater. Overall, this ENS method holds great potential for achieving rapid, stable, and low-cost nitrite sensing in environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) process offers an effective and sustainable approach for alleviating freshwater shortage, but the simultaneous evaporation of volatile organic compound (VOC) limits the application of this technique. Herein, a novel electro-Fenton assisted SIE (EF/SIE) was proposed for the first time to co-enhance steam generation and VOC removal based on an evaporator composed of graphite felt decorated with Fe/N-doped porous carbon (FeNCx/GF). This dual functional evaporator integrating photothermal and electrocatalytic technology achieved a “self-sufficient” degradation process, in which FeNCx acted as the heterogeneous electrocatalyst to in-situ produce H2O2 and reactive oxidizing species (ROS) for VOC degradation at evaporator interface. As a result, the VOC removal efficiency of EF/SIE system achieved 97.8±1.7% in the condensate, which was 4.8 times that of the sole SIE system. Meanwhile, due to the Joule heating during electro-Fenton process, the conversion rate from water to vapor was accelerated, reaching an evaporation rate to 1.65 kg m-2 h-1 at the cathodic interface, while that of the sole SIE system was only 1.43 kg m-2 h-1. Additionally, an external solar cell enabled complete photo-electro-thermal conversion that ensured an excellent VOC removal efficiency (99%) of the EF/SIE system in the outdoor experiment. The innovatively designed system also showed versatility in different water substrates. Thus, the dual functional evaporators successfully integrated SIE with EF, providing a sustainable and synergetic strategy for efficient treatment of wastewater containing VOC.
{"title":"Co-enhancing volatile organic compound degradation and steam generation in solar interfacial evaporation by integrating with electro-Fenton","authors":"Yueling Yu, Yanming Liu, Xingzhu Zhang, Bowen lv, Yuanlu Xu, Xinfei Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123348","url":null,"abstract":"Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) process offers an effective and sustainable approach for alleviating freshwater shortage, but the simultaneous evaporation of volatile organic compound (VOC) limits the application of this technique. Herein, a novel electro-Fenton assisted SIE (EF/SIE) was proposed for the first time to co-enhance steam generation and VOC removal based on an evaporator composed of graphite felt decorated with Fe/N-doped porous carbon (FeNCx/GF). This dual functional evaporator integrating photothermal and electrocatalytic technology achieved a “self-sufficient” degradation process, in which FeNCx acted as the heterogeneous electrocatalyst to in-situ produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and reactive oxidizing species (ROS) for VOC degradation at evaporator interface. As a result, the VOC removal efficiency of EF/SIE system achieved 97.8±1.7% in the condensate, which was 4.8 times that of the sole SIE system. Meanwhile, due to the Joule heating during electro-Fenton process, the conversion rate from water to vapor was accelerated, reaching an evaporation rate to 1.65 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> at the cathodic interface, while that of the sole SIE system was only 1.43 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, an external solar cell enabled complete photo-electro-thermal conversion that ensured an excellent VOC removal efficiency (99%) of the EF/SIE system in the outdoor experiment. The innovatively designed system also showed versatility in different water substrates. Thus, the dual functional evaporators successfully integrated SIE with EF, providing a sustainable and synergetic strategy for efficient treatment of wastewater containing VOC.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123349
Yunfei Du, Xiangju Han, Ya Ping Wang, Daidu Fan, Jicai Zhang
The suspended sediment front (SSF) in the Yangtze River Estuary significantly affects regional circulation, water quality, and productivity. However, the quantitative understanding of its multiscale spatio‐temporal variations and associated ecological effects remains largely limited. Utilizing suspended sediment concentration remote sensing data from 2012 to 2018, we applied an improved gradient-based front detection algorithm to identify SSFs. Our analysis highlighted significant variability in the SSF and established its oscillating boundaries. The mean longitude location of the front is approximately 122.2°E, extending up to 122.8°E, with its occurrence frequency negatively correlated with water depth. The control effect of estuarine engineering projects on lateral sediment exchange results in the more frequent occurrence of stable banded fronts in these areas. The SSF exhibits notable spatial pattern variability and fluctuations on tidal to interannual scales. Compared to other tidal types, the front extends furthest offshore during spring tides due to enhanced tidal mixing and seaward residual flow. The seasonal variations in the frontal location are closely related to ocean dynamic processes, jointly controlled by the mixed layer depth, wind speed, wind direction, wave intensity, and sea surface temperature. The direct influence of sediment load from the Yangtze River is most pronounced in July, coinciding with peak sediment load. The interannual variations indicate a strong correlation between frontal migration and sediment load. Meanwhile, extreme storm events cause significant resuspension of bed sediments, resulting in substantial offshore movement of the SSF (>14 km), with effects persisting for at least 2 days. Major floods modulate the short-term fluctuation range of the front by significantly increasing the sediment transport flux. Further investigation into the ecological effects of the SSF reveals that in summer, the dual front system comprising the SSF and plume front strongly controls estuarine primary productivity, with regions of high chlorophyll-a concentration aligning well with the seaward oscillation boundary of the SSF. Temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration near the SSF also exhibit drastic changes. Conversely, in winter, insufficient runoff results in a single SSF system, leading to suboptimal nutrient, temperature, and light conditions, and consequently, very low primary productivity.
{"title":"Multiscale spatio‐temporal variability of suspended sediment front in the Yangtze River Estuary and its ecological effects","authors":"Yunfei Du, Xiangju Han, Ya Ping Wang, Daidu Fan, Jicai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123349","url":null,"abstract":"The suspended sediment front (SSF) in the Yangtze River Estuary significantly affects regional circulation, water quality, and productivity. However, the quantitative understanding of its multiscale spatio‐temporal variations and associated ecological effects remains largely limited. Utilizing suspended sediment concentration remote sensing data from 2012 to 2018, we applied an improved gradient-based front detection algorithm to identify SSFs. Our analysis highlighted significant variability in the SSF and established its oscillating boundaries. The mean longitude location of the front is approximately 122.2°E, extending up to 122.8°E, with its occurrence frequency negatively correlated with water depth. The control effect of estuarine engineering projects on lateral sediment exchange results in the more frequent occurrence of stable banded fronts in these areas. The SSF exhibits notable spatial pattern variability and fluctuations on tidal to interannual scales. Compared to other tidal types, the front extends furthest offshore during spring tides due to enhanced tidal mixing and seaward residual flow. The seasonal variations in the frontal location are closely related to ocean dynamic processes, jointly controlled by the mixed layer depth, wind speed, wind direction, wave intensity, and sea surface temperature. The direct influence of sediment load from the Yangtze River is most pronounced in July, coinciding with peak sediment load. The interannual variations indicate a strong correlation between frontal migration and sediment load. Meanwhile, extreme storm events cause significant resuspension of bed sediments, resulting in substantial offshore movement of the SSF (>14 km), with effects persisting for at least 2 days. Major floods modulate the short-term fluctuation range of the front by significantly increasing the sediment transport flux. Further investigation into the ecological effects of the SSF reveals that in summer, the dual front system comprising the SSF and plume front strongly controls estuarine primary productivity, with regions of high chlorophyll-a concentration aligning well with the seaward oscillation boundary of the SSF. Temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration near the SSF also exhibit drastic changes. Conversely, in winter, insufficient runoff results in a single SSF system, leading to suboptimal nutrient, temperature, and light conditions, and consequently, very low primary productivity.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123340
Samrin A. Kusum, Moe Pourghaz, Joel J. Ducoste
Fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits contribute to 25% of Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) in the U.S. and is exacerbated by the aging sewer infrastructure. As the U.S. contemplates renovating its sewer systems, employing sustainable materials that inhibit FOG deposit adhesion could be crucial. This study delves into the saponified FOG deposit formation and adhesion mechanisms on various materials—concrete, Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), granite, limestone, and porous ceramic. Through extensive testing, these materials were evaluated for chemical composition, surface roughness, porosity, zeta potential, and calcium leaching potential. The findings indicate that materials with high calcium hydroxide leaching potential, high pore pH, and low zeta potential tend to adhere significant saponified FOG deposits. Conversely, reducing surface FOG deposit formation and adhesion on sewer lines requires materials to be engineered with low calcium hydroxide leaching and high zeta potential. Considering these factors, granite followed by PVC exhibited the best properties that demonstrated no FOG deposit adhesion. The outcomes of this study not only provide insight into the physical interactions governing FOG deposit adhesion but also suggest a targeted strategy for material selection and modification in sewer system renovations to mitigate Sanitary Sewer Overflows.
{"title":"Identifying surface formation and adhesion mechanisms of FOG deposits on sewer lines","authors":"Samrin A. Kusum, Moe Pourghaz, Joel J. Ducoste","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123340","url":null,"abstract":"Fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits contribute to 25% of Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) in the U.S. and is exacerbated by the aging sewer infrastructure. As the U.S. contemplates renovating its sewer systems, employing sustainable materials that inhibit FOG deposit adhesion could be crucial. This study delves into the saponified FOG deposit formation and adhesion mechanisms on various materials—concrete, Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), granite, limestone, and porous ceramic. Through extensive testing, these materials were evaluated for chemical composition, surface roughness, porosity, zeta potential, and calcium leaching potential. The findings indicate that materials with high calcium hydroxide leaching potential, high pore pH, and low zeta potential tend to adhere significant saponified FOG deposits. Conversely, reducing surface FOG deposit formation and adhesion on sewer lines requires materials to be engineered with low calcium hydroxide leaching and high zeta potential. Considering these factors, granite followed by PVC exhibited the best properties that demonstrated no FOG deposit adhesion. The outcomes of this study not only provide insight into the physical interactions governing FOG deposit adhesion but also suggest a targeted strategy for material selection and modification in sewer system renovations to mitigate Sanitary Sewer Overflows.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123350
Seyed Babak Haji Seyed Asadollah, Ahmadreza Safaeinia, Sina Jarahizadeh, Francisco Javier Alcalá, Ahmad Sharafati, Antonio Jodar-Abellan
This paper presents a novel approach for estimating Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes considering both carbon sources and sink operators. Despite the critical role of DOC, the combined application of machine learning, as a robust predictor, and remote sensing technology, which reduces costly and time-intensive in-situ sampling, has been underexplored in DOC research. Focusing on lakes over the states of New York, Vermont and Maine (United States, U.S.), this study integrates in-situ DOC measurements with surface reflectance bands obtained from Landsat satellites between 2000 and 2020. Using these bands as inputs of the Random Forest (RF) predictive model, the introduced methodology aims to explore the ability of remote sensing data for large-scale DOC simulation. Initial results indicate low accuracy metrics and significant under-estimation due to the imbalance distribution of DOC samples. Statistical analysis showed that the mean DOC concentration was 5.37±3.37 mg/L (mean±one standard deviation), with peak up to 25 mg/L. A highly skewed distribution of chemical components towards the lower ranges can lead to model misrepresentation of extreme and hazardous events, as they are clouded by unimportant events due to significantly lower occurrence rates. To address this issue, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied as a key innovation, generating synthetic samples that enhance RF accuracy and reduce the associated errors. Fusion of in-situ and remote sensing data, combined with machine learning and data augmentation, significantly enhances DOC estimation accuracy, especially in high concentration ranges which are critical for environmental health. With prediction metrics of RMSE = 1.75, MAE = 1.09, and R2 = 0.74, RF-SMOTE significantly improve the metrics obtained from stand-alone RF, particularly in estimating high DOC concentrations. Considering the product spatial resolution of 30 meters, the model's output provides potential revenue for global application in lake monitoring, even in remote regions where direct sampling is limited. This novel fusion of remote sensing, machine learning and data augmentation offers valuable insights for water quality management and understanding carbon cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Dissolved Organic Carbon Estimation in Lakes: Improving Machine Learning with Data Augmentation on Fusion of Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Observations","authors":"Seyed Babak Haji Seyed Asadollah, Ahmadreza Safaeinia, Sina Jarahizadeh, Francisco Javier Alcalá, Ahmad Sharafati, Antonio Jodar-Abellan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123350","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach for estimating Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes considering both carbon sources and sink operators. Despite the critical role of DOC, the combined application of machine learning, as a robust predictor, and remote sensing technology, which reduces costly and time-intensive in-situ sampling, has been underexplored in DOC research. Focusing on lakes over the states of New York, Vermont and Maine (United States, U.S.), this study integrates in-situ DOC measurements with surface reflectance bands obtained from Landsat satellites between 2000 and 2020. Using these bands as inputs of the Random Forest (RF) predictive model, the introduced methodology aims to explore the ability of remote sensing data for large-scale DOC simulation. Initial results indicate low accuracy metrics and significant under-estimation due to the imbalance distribution of DOC samples. Statistical analysis showed that the mean DOC concentration was 5.37±3.37 mg/L (mean±one standard deviation), with peak up to 25 mg/L. A highly skewed distribution of chemical components towards the lower ranges can lead to model misrepresentation of extreme and hazardous events, as they are clouded by unimportant events due to significantly lower occurrence rates. To address this issue, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied as a key innovation, generating synthetic samples that enhance RF accuracy and reduce the associated errors. Fusion of in-situ and remote sensing data, combined with machine learning and data augmentation, significantly enhances DOC estimation accuracy, especially in high concentration ranges which are critical for environmental health. With prediction metrics of RMSE = 1.75, MAE = 1.09, and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.74, RF-SMOTE significantly improve the metrics obtained from stand-alone RF, particularly in estimating high DOC concentrations. Considering the product spatial resolution of 30 meters, the model's output provides potential revenue for global application in lake monitoring, even in remote regions where direct sampling is limited. This novel fusion of remote sensing, machine learning and data augmentation offers valuable insights for water quality management and understanding carbon cycling in aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123317
Hooralain Bushnaq, Sisi Pu, Tom Burton, Julio Rodriguez-Andres, Julio Carrera Montoya, Jason Mackenzie, Catherine Munro, Giovanni Palmisano, Srinivas Mettu, James Mcelhinney, Ludovic F. Dumée
The demand for advanced water treatment solutions necessitates the development of multifunctional, photodynamically active membranes. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), a class of organic photosensitizers, offer significant potential for enhancing treatment efficacy through photodynamic activity. This study reports the development of Pc-modified polymeric microfiltration membranes as visible-light-responsive, multifunctional membrane reactors with enhanced photodynamic and filtration properties. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), tetra-amino zinc phthalocyanine (TAZnPc), and tetra-sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (TSAlPc) were integrated into the membranes, imparting notable changes in morphology, surface wettability, and chemical functionality. Characterization revealed improvements in optical responsiveness and surface properties that contributed to robust photodynamic and filtration performance. Static photodynamic evaluations demonstrated high efficacy, with ZnPc mixed matrix membrane (MMM) achieving superior dye degradation and TSAlPc grafted membrane (GM) yielding significant bacterial inactivation. Filtration trials confirmed ZnPc MMM's biofouling resistance and permeance stability, reaching 99.97% rejection of bio-fouled microplastics (MPs) and a 45% permeance enhancement under irradiation. Virus filtration results demonstrated TSAlPc MMM's viral retention efficacy, achieving a 2.05-log reduction against Influenza A virus. These findings underscore the potential of Pc-functionalized membranes as promising candidates for advanced water treatment applications, offering robust contaminant rejection, biofouling control, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy in a single, multifunctional platform.
对先进水处理解决方案的需求要求开发多功能光动力活性膜。酞菁（Pcs）是一类有机光敏剂，具有通过光动力活性提高处理效果的巨大潜力。本研究报告了 Pc 改性聚合物微滤膜的开发情况，这种膜是可见光响应型多功能膜反应器，具有增强的光动力和过滤特性。膜中加入了酞菁钴（CoPc）、酞菁锌（ZnPc）、四氨基酞菁锌（TAZnPc）和四磺化酞菁铝（TSAlPc），使膜的形态、表面润湿性和化学功能发生了显著变化。表征结果表明，光学响应性和表面特性的改善有助于提高光动力和过滤性能。静态光动力评估显示出很高的功效，ZnPc 混合基质膜（MMM）实现了出色的染料降解，而 TSAlPc 接枝膜（GM）则产生了显著的细菌灭活效果。过滤试验证实了 ZnPc MMM 的抗生物污损性和渗透稳定性，对生物污损微塑料 (MP) 的去除率达到 99.97%，在辐照条件下的渗透率提高了 45%。病毒过滤结果表明了 TSAlPc MMM 的病毒截留功效，对甲型流感病毒的截留率降低了 2.05-log。这些研究结果凸显了 Pc 功能化膜作为先进水处理应用候选材料的潜力，它在单一多功能平台中提供了强大的污染物阻隔、生物污垢控制和广谱抗菌功效。
{"title":"Visible light photosensitised cross-flow microfiltration membrane reactors for managing microplastic-contaminated bio-effluents","authors":"Hooralain Bushnaq, Sisi Pu, Tom Burton, Julio Rodriguez-Andres, Julio Carrera Montoya, Jason Mackenzie, Catherine Munro, Giovanni Palmisano, Srinivas Mettu, James Mcelhinney, Ludovic F. Dumée","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123317","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for advanced water treatment solutions necessitates the development of multifunctional, photodynamically active membranes. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), a class of organic photosensitizers, offer significant potential for enhancing treatment efficacy through photodynamic activity. This study reports the development of Pc-modified polymeric microfiltration membranes as visible-light-responsive, multifunctional membrane reactors with enhanced photodynamic and filtration properties. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), tetra-amino zinc phthalocyanine (TAZnPc), and tetra-sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (TSAlPc) were integrated into the membranes, imparting notable changes in morphology, surface wettability, and chemical functionality. Characterization revealed improvements in optical responsiveness and surface properties that contributed to robust photodynamic and filtration performance. Static photodynamic evaluations demonstrated high efficacy, with ZnPc mixed matrix membrane (MMM) achieving superior dye degradation and TSAlPc grafted membrane (GM) yielding significant bacterial inactivation. Filtration trials confirmed ZnPc MMM's biofouling resistance and permeance stability, reaching 99.97% rejection of bio-fouled microplastics (MPs) and a 45% permeance enhancement under irradiation. Virus filtration results demonstrated TSAlPc MMM's viral retention efficacy, achieving a 2.05-log reduction against Influenza A virus. These findings underscore the potential of Pc-functionalized membranes as promising candidates for advanced water treatment applications, offering robust contaminant rejection, biofouling control, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy in a single, multifunctional platform.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides an in-depth investigation of the novel Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) strain CWV2, isolated from Taiwan, for its effectiveness in dechlorinating various chloroethenes, including PCE, TCE, DCEs, and VC, to ethene. Through multi-omics analyses, including genomic, transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic profiling, we uncovered the mechanisms behind TCE dechlorination by strain CWV2. The genomic analysis identified key reductive dehalogenase (RDase) genes, pceA and vcrA, which enhance our understanding of the versatile dechlorination pathways in Dhc. Ribosome profiling provided detailed insights into the translational regulation of vcrA, revealing sophisticated genetic control over protein synthesis. Complementary BN-PAGE and proteomic analyses identified key RDase VcrA, offering further insights into the activity of the organohalide respiration (OHR) complex within CWV2 and its metabolic pathways. Multi-omics analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind TCE dechlorination and organohalide respiration, offering valuable insights to advance bioremediation strategies for chloroethene-contaminated environments.
{"title":"Mechanistic Insights into Chloroethene Dechlorination by Dehalococcoides mccartyi Strain CWV2: A Multi-Omics Perspective","authors":"Chih-Ming Kao, Ku-Fan Chen, Po-Sheng Kuo, Chih-Ching Chien, Che-Wei Lu, Ssu-Ching Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123347","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides an in-depth investigation of the novel <em>Dehalococcoides mccartyi</em> (<em>Dhc</em>) strain CWV2, isolated from Taiwan, for its effectiveness in dechlorinating various chloroethenes, including PCE, TCE, DCEs, and VC, to ethene. Through multi-omics analyses, including genomic, transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic profiling, we uncovered the mechanisms behind TCE dechlorination by strain CWV2. The genomic analysis identified key reductive dehalogenase (RDase) genes, <em>pceA</em> and <em>vcrA</em>, which enhance our understanding of the versatile dechlorination pathways in <em>Dhc</em>. Ribosome profiling provided detailed insights into the translational regulation of <em>vcrA</em>, revealing sophisticated genetic control over protein synthesis. Complementary BN-PAGE and proteomic analyses identified key RDase VcrA, offering further insights into the activity of the organohalide respiration (OHR) complex within CWV2 and its metabolic pathways. Multi-omics analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind TCE dechlorination and organohalide respiration, offering valuable insights to advance bioremediation strategies for chloroethene-contaminated environments.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123343
Lan Lei, Rui Zhang, Rui-Xiang Bi, Zhi-Hai Peng, Xin Liu, Tie-Ying Shi, Li Zhang, Ru-Ping Liang, Jian-Ding Qiu
Efficient uranium capture from rare earth tailings wastewater holds great importance for human health and sustainable development. Herein, we present a simple and eco-friendly approach to form a single network hydrogel through electrostatic interaction between chitosan and sodium alginate. Subsequently, calcium phytate is introduced as a natural crosslinking agent to generate a secondary cross-linked network, leading to a composite hydrogel (CS-SA/PCa) with a doubly enhanced network structure for efficient adsorption of uranium from wastewater. The established multistage porous structure enables the rapid diffusion of uranyl ions, and the abundant phosphate groups serving as adsorption sites can offer high affinity for U(VI). Most importantly, CS-SA/PCa is formed through physical cross-linking of sustainable biopolymers, avoiding the use of toxic chemical agents. In addition, CS-SA/PCa exhibited significantly better mechanical properties than those of single-network physical hydrogels crosslinked by electrostatic interactions, which overcame the weak mechanical properties of physical hydrogels. It provides a new method for the manufacture of environmentally friendly, low-cost and robust physical hydrogels based on natural polymers.
{"title":"Calcium phytate cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogels for selective removal of U(VI) from tailings wastewater","authors":"Lan Lei, Rui Zhang, Rui-Xiang Bi, Zhi-Hai Peng, Xin Liu, Tie-Ying Shi, Li Zhang, Ru-Ping Liang, Jian-Ding Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123343","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient uranium capture from rare earth tailings wastewater holds great importance for human health and sustainable development. Herein, we present a simple and eco-friendly approach to form a single network hydrogel through electrostatic interaction between chitosan and sodium alginate. Subsequently, calcium phytate is introduced as a natural crosslinking agent to generate a secondary cross-linked network, leading to a composite hydrogel (CS-SA/PCa) with a doubly enhanced network structure for efficient adsorption of uranium from wastewater. The established multistage porous structure enables the rapid diffusion of uranyl ions, and the abundant phosphate groups serving as adsorption sites can offer high affinity for U(VI). Most importantly, CS-SA/PCa is formed through physical cross-linking of sustainable biopolymers, avoiding the use of toxic chemical agents. In addition, CS-SA/PCa exhibited significantly better mechanical properties than those of single-network physical hydrogels crosslinked by electrostatic interactions, which overcame the weak mechanical properties of physical hydrogels. It provides a new method for the manufacture of environmentally friendly, low-cost and robust physical hydrogels based on natural polymers.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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