Cyclotriphosphazene based epoxy vitrimer with excellent recyclability and flame retardancy

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111346

Daquan Wang , Zuoliang Zhang , Xin Xu , Yao Qiu , Gang Chang , Kaiyun Yuan , Ruqing Xu , Lingjie Meng

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Abstract

The widespread application of epoxy resins in thermosetting materials is limited by inadequate flame retardancy and recyclability. This study reports the synthesis of a bio-based, hexafunctional star-shaped epoxy cyclotriphosphazene (NEP) via nucleophilic substitution and oxidation of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and eugenol. An intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy vitrimer (EV/NEP) was subsequently prepared, exhibiting superior mechanical properties, heat resistance, and thermal stability. Incorporation of 9 mol % NEP significantly enhanced flame retardancy, increasing the limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 26.2 % while reducing peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke release (TSR) by 24.9 % and 35.4 %, respectively. Flame retardancy mechanisms were elucidated in both solid and gas phases. Recyclability was confirmed through solvent recovery and thermal compression experiments. Dynamic ester bonds conferred excellent shape memory properties to EV/NEP. The combination of flame retardancy and recyclability makes this epoxy vitrimer a promising candidate for aerospace and automotive applications.

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环三磷腈基环氧玻璃体，具有优良的可回收性和阻燃性

环氧树脂在热固性材料中的广泛应用受到阻燃性和可回收性不足的限制。本研究报道了以六氯环三磷腈和丁香酚为原料，通过亲核取代和氧化合成生物基六功能星形环氧环三磷腈（NEP）。本征阻燃环氧玻璃体（EV/NEP）具有优异的机械性能、耐热性和热稳定性。9 mol % NEP的加入显著提高了阻燃性，使极限氧指数（LOI）提高到26.2%，峰值放热率（PHRR）和总放烟率（TSR）分别降低24.9%和35.4%。从固相和气相两方面阐述了阻燃机理。通过溶剂回收和热压缩实验证实了其可回收性。动态酯键赋予EV/NEP优异的形状记忆性能。阻燃性和可回收性的结合使这种环氧玻璃体成为航空航天和汽车应用的有前途的候选者。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.