Enhanced cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries with Sn-MOF derived Sn anodes encapsulated within a three-dimensional carbon framework

Abstract

Sn anodes, noted for their abundance and high theoretical capacity, have garnered significant attention for lithium-ion batteries. Nonetheless, their significant volume expansion poses challenges, leading to rapid capacity fade and electrode degradation. To address this, a straightforward high-temperature calcination method is employed to encapsulate nanoscale Sn particles within a porous, honeycomb-structured three-dimensional carbon framework. This approach effectively mitigates volume expansion, improves cycling performance, prevents Sn aggregation, and maintains structural integrity. Notably, the Sn/C/3DC composite exhibits remarkable electrochemical properties, maintaining high charge-discharge capacities (1044.0 and 1047.9 mAh g⁻¹) over 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹. Even after 4000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g⁻¹, it retains a discharge capacity of 328.5 mAh g⁻¹. This study paves the way for the advancement of sophisticated metal anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.