"SCREAM" OF CYSTOLITHOTOMY IN HISTORY OF ART: PATIENT PERSPECTIVE.

Abstract

Duality of "cutting and pain" for the bladder stones had even reported in the written material of Hippocrates. "Art" and "Surgical pain" has been very rarely appeared in the medical literature especially from the patient perspective. The pain perception can be regarded as subjective and the author defined it as in own words; "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is". Operation for bladder stone, which should be considered as the pioneer complex surgical intervention of mankind and had been performed without anesthesia till the mid-19th CC, and it was a more common surgery than today's practice. The scream of Urological patient expressed in the music nota by great French composer Marin Marais (1656-1728), for his own bladder stone surgery. We aimed to review the reported written feelings and their own art of the patients who underwent surgical operations mainly for the bladder stones before the anesthesia era.