Impact of dislocation densities on the microscale strength of single-crystal strontium titanate

Abstract

Dislocations in ceramics at room temperature are attracting increasing research interest. Dislocations may bring a new perspective for tuning physical and mechanical properties in advanced ceramics. Here, we investigate the dislocation density dependent micromechanical properties of single-crystal SrTiO₃ by tuning the dislocation densities (from ∼10¹⁰ m^-2 up to ∼10¹⁴ m^-2). Using micropillar compression tests, we find the samples exhibit a transition from brittle fracture (if no dislocation is present in the pillars) to plastic yield (with pre-engineered dislocations in the pillars). Within the regime of plastic deformation, the yield strength and plastic flow behavior exhibit a strong dependence on the dislocation density. The yield strength first decreases and then increases with the increase of dislocation densities. Detailed examination via post-mortem transmission electron microscopy reveals a complex evolution of the dislocation structure, highlighting the critical role played by dislocations in regulating the brittle/ductile behavior in SrTiO₃ at room temperature. Our findings shed new light on dislocation-mediated mechanical properties in ceramics and may provide designing guidelines for the prospective dislocation-based devices.