Tetraphenylethylene-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens with mechanofluorochromism and Fe2+/Fe3+ detection applications

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Dyes and Pigments Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112805

Lingling Li , Zewen Zhai , Wenjing Zhang, Shuai Lu, Bing Song, Xue-Mei Zhao, Xinju Zhu, Xin-Qi Hao

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Abstract

Five novel tetraphenylethylene-based donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorescent luminogens TPE-1-5 were designed and synthesized. All five molecules exhibit solvatochromism and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior with bright tunable emission colors in the solid state. Importantly, TPE-1 and TPE-2 display red-shifted mechanofluorochromic (MFC) properties under external force, which can be converted to the original state upon fumigation of dichloromethane. According to powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, the MFC phenomena are related with crystalline-to-crystalline phase transition. Their emission behavior were further investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and singly crystal X-ray analysis (XRD), which clearly demonstrates that TPE-1-5 adopt highly twisted conformational structures with intrinsic intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties. Moreover, TPE-5 demonstrates fluorescence sensing capability for both Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ with high sensitivity and anti-interference performance.

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具有机械荧光和 Fe2+/Fe3+ 检测应用的四苯基乙烯基聚合诱导发射发光剂

设计合成了5种新型四苯乙烯基给受体（D-A）荧光光源TPE-1-5。这五种分子均表现出溶剂致变色和聚集诱导发射（AIE）行为，在固态下具有明亮的可调发射颜色。重要的是，TPE-1和TPE-2在外力作用下表现出红移的机械荧光变色（MFC）性质，在二氯甲烷熏蒸后可以转换为原始状态。粉末x射线衍射（PXRD）分析表明，MFC现象与晶-晶相变有关。通过密度泛函理论（DFT）计算和单晶x射线分析（XRD）进一步研究了它们的发射行为，清楚地表明TPE-1-5具有分子内电荷转移（ICT）特性的高扭曲构象结构。此外，TPE-5具有对Fe2+和Fe3+的荧光传感能力，具有高灵敏度和抗干扰性能。

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来源期刊

Dyes and Pigments 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

13.30%

发文量

933

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied. Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media. The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.