Gut microbiota contributes to protection against porcine deltacoronavirus infection in piglets by modulating intestinal barrier and microbiome.

IF 12.7 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiome Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI:10.1186/s40168-025-02092-z

Yunfei Zhang, Lulu Si, Xiangli Shu, Congrui Qiu, Xianhua Wan, Haiyan Li, Shijie Ma, Xiaohui Jin, Zhanyong Wei, Hui Hu

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Abstract

Background: Gut microbiota plays a critical role in counteracting enteric viral infection. Our previous study demonstrated that infection of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) disturbs gut microbiota and causes intestinal damage and inflammation in piglets. However, the influence of gut microbiota on PDCoV infection remains unclear.

Results: Firstly, the relationship between gut microbiota and disease severity of PDCoV infection was evaluated using 8-day-old and 90-day-old pigs. The composition of gut microbiota was significantly altered in 8-day-old piglets after PDCoV infection, leading to severe diarrhea and intestinal damage. In contrast, PDCoV infection barely affected the 90-day-old pigs. Moreover, the diversity (richness and evenness) of microbiota in 90-day-old pigs was much higher compared to the 8-day-old piglets, suggesting the gut microbiota is possibly associated with the severity of PDCoV infection. Subsequently, transplanting the fecal microbiota from the 90-day-old pigs to the 3-day-old piglets alleviated clinical signs of PDCoV infection, modulated the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, and maintained the physical and chemical barrier of intestines. Additionally, metabolomic analysis revealed that the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) treatment upregulated the swine intestinal arginine biosynthesis, FMT significantly inhibited the inflammatory response in piglet intestine by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusions: PDCoV infection altered the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in neonatal pigs. FMT treatment mitigated the clinical signs of PDCoV infection in the piglets by modulating the gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier, downregulating the inflammatory response. The preventive effect of FMT provides novel targets for the development of therapeutics against enteropathogenic coronaviruses. Video Abstract.

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肠道微生物群通过调节肠道屏障和微生物群，有助于仔猪抵御猪冠状病毒感染。

背景：肠道菌群在对抗肠道病毒感染中起关键作用。我们之前的研究表明，猪三角冠状病毒（PDCoV）感染会扰乱仔猪肠道微生物群，导致肠道损伤和炎症。然而，肠道菌群对PDCoV感染的影响尚不清楚。结果：首先，研究了8日龄和90日龄猪肠道菌群与PDCoV感染疾病严重程度的关系。PDCoV感染后，8日龄仔猪肠道菌群组成发生显著改变，导致严重腹泻和肠道损伤。相比之下，PDCoV感染对90日龄猪几乎没有影响。此外，与8日龄仔猪相比，90日龄仔猪肠道微生物群的多样性（丰富度和均匀度）要高得多，这表明肠道微生物群可能与PDCoV感染的严重程度有关。随后，将90日龄猪的粪便微生物群移植到3日龄仔猪身上，缓解了PDCoV感染的临床症状，调节了肠道微生物群的多样性和组成，维持了肠道的物理和化学屏障。此外，代谢组学分析显示，粪便微生物群移植（FMT）处理上调了猪肠道精氨酸的生物合成，FMT通过调节TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路显著抑制了仔猪肠道的炎症反应。结论：PDCoV感染改变了新生猪肠道菌群的结构和组成。FMT治疗通过调节肠道菌群组成和肠道屏障，下调炎症反应，减轻了仔猪PDCoV感染的临床症状。FMT的预防作用为开发针对肠致病性冠状病毒的治疗药物提供了新的靶点。视频摘要。

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来源期刊

Microbiome MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

21.90

自引率

2.60%

发文量

198

审稿时长

4 weeks

期刊介绍： Microbiome is a journal that focuses on studies of microbiomes in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. It covers both natural and manipulated microbiomes, such as those in agriculture. The journal is interested in research that uses meta-omics approaches or novel bioinformatics tools and emphasizes the community/host interaction and structure-function relationship within the microbiome. Studies that go beyond descriptive omics surveys and include experimental or theoretical approaches will be considered for publication. The journal also encourages research that establishes cause and effect relationships and supports proposed microbiome functions. However, studies of individual microbial isolates/species without exploring their impact on the host or the complex microbiome structures and functions will not be considered for publication. Microbiome is indexed in BIOSIS, Current Contents, DOAJ, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Citations Index Expanded.