NO2 Reduction by HCN, HNC, and CN during Cofiring of Spent Pot Lining in Cement Plant: A DFT and Reaction Kinetics Study

Abstract

Cement industries contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, including nitrogen oxides (NO_x) that pose serious risks to respiratory health and the environment and require effective reduction strategies. This study explores the potential of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) released from spent pot lining (SPL) during its cocombustion with coal in a cement kiln as an effective reducing agent to mitigate NO₂ emissions from the plant. A detailed reaction mechanism for the interactions of HCN, HNC, and CN with NO₂ is developed to form several possible products, including N₂. The study employs a CBS-QB3 composite method and density functional theory (uB3LYP/6–311++G(d,p)) as tools for quantum chemical calculations to analyze the elementary reactions, optimize the structures of intermediate species and transition states, and determine their reaction energetics. The reaction kinetics of all the elementary steps are determined using transition state theory and RRKM methods to determine the preferred reactions among the competing channels. Through reactor simulations using the developed reaction mechanism, the possibility of NO₂ reduction by HCN and the most preferred pathway for it are reported. It is found that HCN is highly effective in reducing NO and NO₂ to N₂ under cement kiln conditions. The results suggest that the utilization of SPL in cement plants together with coal can reduce both coal requirements and NO_x emission from the plant.