Kumiko Samejima, Johan H. Gibcus, Sameer Abraham, Fernanda Cisneros-Soberanis, Itaru Samejima, Alison J. Beckett, Nina Puǎčeková, Maria Alba Abad, Christos Spanos, Bethan Medina-Pritchard, James R. Paulson, Linfeng Xie, A. Arockia Jeyaprakash, Ian A. Prior, Leonid A. Mirny, Job Dekker, Anton Goloborodko, William C. Earnshaw
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
We used Hi-C, imaging, proteomics, and polymer modeling to define rules of engagement for SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes as cells refold interphase chromatin into rod-shaped mitotic chromosomes. First, condensin disassembles interphase chromatin loop organization by evicting or displacing extrusive cohesin. Second, condensin bypasses cohesive cohesins, thereby maintaining sister chromatid cohesion as sisters separate. Studies of mitotic chromosomes formed by cohesin, condensin II, and condensin I alone or in combination lead to refined models of mitotic chromosome conformation. In these models, loops are consecutive and not overlapping, implying that condensins stall upon encountering each other. The dynamics of Hi-C interactions and chromosome morphology reveal that during prophase, loops are extruded in vivo at ∼1 to 3 kilobases per second by condensins as they form a disordered discontinuous helical scaffold within individual chromatids.
我们利用 Hi-C、成像、蛋白质组学和聚合物建模来定义细胞将间期染色质重新折叠成杆状有丝分裂染色体时 SMC（染色体结构维护）复合物的参与规则。首先，冷凝素通过驱逐或移位外生凝聚素来分解间期染色质环组织。其次，凝集素绕过外显凝聚素，从而在姐妹染色单体分离时保持姐妹染色单体的凝聚力。通过对由凝聚素、凝聚素 II 和凝聚素 I 单独或联合形成的有丝分裂染色体的研究，我们完善了有丝分裂染色体构象模型。在这些模型中，环是连续的，而不是重叠的，这意味着凝集素在遇到彼此时会停滞。Hi-C相互作用的动力学和染色体形态显示，在有丝分裂前期，当冷凝蛋白在单个染色体内形成无序的不连续螺旋支架时，环在体内以每秒1至3千碱基的速度被挤出。
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