Targeting age-appropriate adults' vaccine hesitancy to the herpes zoster vaccine in Ningbo, China: A latent profile analysis

IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Vaccine: X Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-06 DOI:10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100641

Jianmei Wang , Qiuhong Mei , Shaoying Zhou , Tianchi Yang , Mengqian Lyu , Yueyi Feng , Zhaya Wang , Lili Hu , Bingqian Huang , Rui Ma

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Abstract

This study aims to clarify the profiles of the psychological antecedents to the herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) among age-appropriate adults in Ningbo. A multistage stratified sampling method was employed to take samples We performed a face-to-face questionnaire survey among adults aged 40 years and older in late 2023. Participants were asked to report demographics, knowledge of HZV, the modified 5C vaccine hesitancy scale, and HZV uptake intention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized to evaluate the modified 5C scale's validation, and latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct profiles. A total of 2100 participants were investigated, and 2025 valid cases were kept for further analysis. The CFA showed good reliability and validity for the modified 5C scale. The findings indicated three profiles: “skeptics” (24.15 %; high complacency, constraint), “believers” (38.67 %; high confidence, calculation, collective responsibility), and “free riders” (37.19 %; median confidence, calculation, collective responsibility, high complacency, constraint). Compared to believers, skeptics and free riders were older, more likely to reside in urban and suburban areas, lacked Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance, and knew less about vaccine-related knowledge. From the highest to the lowest on vaccination intention were believers, then free riders, and finally skeptics under four distinct scenarios (recommendations from HCWs, from friends and family, from the media and internet, and HZV is free of charge). Based on 5C psychological antecedents, we identified two other profiles in addition to believers. This research may help build tailored immunization strategies to lessen vaccine hesitancy and increase willingness to receive HZV.

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针对宁波适龄成人对带状疱疹疫苗的疫苗犹豫：一项潜在特征分析

摘要本研究旨在阐明宁波市适龄成年人接种带状疱疹疫苗（HZV）的心理诱因。本研究采用多阶段分层抽样法，于 2023 年底对 40 岁及以上的成年人进行了面对面的问卷调查。受访者需要报告人口统计学特征、对 HZV 的了解程度、改良的 5C 疫苗犹豫量表以及 HZV 接种意向。我们采用了确证因子分析（CFA）来评估修改后的 5C 量表的有效性，并采用了潜在特征分析来识别不同的特征。共对 2100 名参与者进行了调查，其中 2025 个有效案例被保留作进一步分析。CFA 结果表明，修订版 5C 量表具有良好的信度和效度。研究结果显示了三种特征："怀疑论者"（24.15%；高度自满、约束）、"信徒"（38.67%；高度自信、计算、集体责任）和 "自由骑行者"（37.19%；中度自信、计算、集体责任、高度自满、约束）。与信奉者相比，怀疑论者和 "搭便车者 "的年龄更大，更有可能居住在城市和郊区，没有城镇职工基本医疗保险，对疫苗相关知识的了解更少。在四种不同的情况下（医护人员推荐、亲朋好友推荐、媒体和网络推荐以及 HZV 免费），疫苗接种意愿从高到低依次为信奉者、免费接种者和怀疑者。根据 5C 心理前因，我们确定了除信仰者之外的另外两种情况。这项研究可能有助于制定有针对性的免疫策略，以减少疫苗接种犹豫，提高接受 HZV 的意愿。

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