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A qualitative exploration of stakeholders' views on vaccines for the elderly in South Africa 对利益攸关方对南非老年人疫苗的看法进行定性探讨
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100779
Mncengeli Sibanda , Rosemary J. Burnett , Brian Godman , Edina Amponsah-Dacosta , Johanna C. Meyer

Background and objectives

Advancements in healthcare and living standards have led to increased life expectancy globally, including in South Africa. Despite considerable evidence from high-income countries that vaccination is a cost-effective strategy for healthy ageing, South Africa currently does not have a formal policy for vaccination of the elderly. This study explored the opinions, experiences and recommendations of South African stakeholders (experts and key opinion leaders) in the field of vaccines and healthy ageing.

Methodology

Online qualitative in-depth interviews with 16 stakeholders (vaccinologists, infectious disease specialists, policymakers, geriatricians and epidemiologists) were conducted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed thematically using NVivo 12.0™ software.

Results

The overarching unanimous theme was that a national immunisation programme for the elderly (NIPE) is warranted. Aligned to this were the themes: (i) Immunisation schedule for the elderly; (ii) Health system NIPE readiness; and (iii) Strategies ensuring adequate vaccine uptake by the elderly. Participants recommended a coordinated NIPE, which could build on the successes of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation of South Africa (EPI-SA) and the recent COVID-19 vaccination programme. The NIPE should ideally be integrated into the existing primary healthcare (PHC) system programmes for the elderly. Concurrently, interventions to increase access to vaccines and reduce vaccine hesitancy among the elderly and their healthcare providers must be implemented.

Conclusion

A NIPE needs to be prioritised, understood, communicated, and implemented within EPI-SA and integrated into the PHC system. This should be accompanied by the requisite logistical and financial support for such a programme. The NIPE should build on the success and achievements of EPI-SA and the COVID-19 vaccination programme. Interventions that increase vaccine access and address vaccine hesitancy should also be implemented to enhance uptake by the elderly.
背景和目标医疗保健和生活水平的提高导致全球预期寿命延长,包括南非。尽管来自高收入国家的大量证据表明,疫苗接种是健康老龄化的一项具有成本效益的战略,但南非目前尚无老年人疫苗接种的正式政策。这项研究探讨了南非利益攸关方(专家和主要意见领袖)在疫苗和健康老龄化领域的意见、经验和建议。方法对16名利益攸关方(疫苗学家、传染病专家、政策制定者、老年病学家和流行病学家)进行了在线定性深入访谈。使用NVivo 12.0™软件对访谈进行记录、转录、编码和主题分析。结果:总体一致的主题是,有必要制定国家老年人免疫规划(NIPE)。与此相一致的主题是:(i)老年人免疫接种计划;卫生系统NIPE准备情况;㈢确保老年人充分接种疫苗的战略。与会者建议建立一个协调一致的国家免疫规划,以南非扩大免疫规划(EPI-SA)和最近的COVID-19疫苗接种规划的成功为基础。理想情况下,NIPE应纳入现有的老年人初级卫生保健(PHC)系统方案。与此同时,必须实施干预措施,以增加获得疫苗的机会,减少老年人及其卫生保健提供者对疫苗的犹豫。结论NIPE需要在EPI-SA中优先考虑、理解、沟通和实施,并整合到PHC系统中。同时还应为这一方案提供必要的后勤和财政支助。NIPE应以EPI-SA和COVID-19疫苗接种规划的成功和成就为基础。还应实施增加疫苗获取和解决疫苗犹豫问题的干预措施,以提高老年人的接种率。
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引用次数: 0
Sociodemographic factors of knowledge, conspiracy beliefs, and attitudes toward Mpox among healthcare workers in Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂卫生保健工作者对麻疹的知识、阴谋信念和态度的社会人口因素
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100799
Augustus Osborne , Alhaji Mustapha Abu , Ahmed Vandy

Background

Mpox, a re-emerging zoonotic disease, poses a global health threat. In Sierra Leone, healthcare workers (HCWs) are central to outbreak response, yet little is known about their knowledge, conspiracy beliefs, and attitudes. This study assessed these factors and identified associated sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited 318 HCWs from three hospitals in Freetown using stratified random sampling. Eligible participants had at least one year of professional experience; those on leave or unwilling to participate were excluded. Data was collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors, while correlation and linear regression examined interrelationships, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean knowledge score was 65.8% (±23.7), with 53.8% showing good knowledge. Urban residence (AOR: 5.70, 95% CI: 3.01–10.80) and older age (AOR: 8.92, 95% CI: 1.76–45.15) predicted better knowledge, while clinical staff scored lower (AOR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02–0.15). Conspiracy beliefs were high in 44.7% of HCWs, with females more susceptible (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.31–4.43), while higher education was protective (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16–0.63). Attitudes were polarized (49.7% positive, 50.3% negative), with good knowledge (AOR: 3.90, 95% CI: 2.01–7.54) and urban residence (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24–3.67) predicting positive attitudes. Knowledge and attitudes were positively correlated (r = 0.323, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Moderate knowledge, widespread conspiracy beliefs, and divided attitudes among HCWs underscore the need for targeted training and communication strategies. Addressing misinformation and strengthening knowledge, particularly among rural and clinical staff, are essential for Mpox preparedness in resource-limited settings.
天花是一种重新出现的人畜共患疾病,对全球健康构成威胁。在塞拉利昂,卫生保健工作者(HCWs)是应对疫情的核心,但对他们的知识、阴谋论和态度知之甚少。本研究评估了这些因素并确定了相关的社会人口特征。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,从弗里敦三家医院抽取318名卫生保健员。符合条件的参与者至少有一年的专业经验;那些休假或不愿参加的人被排除在外。数据是通过研究人员开发的问卷收集的。多变量逻辑回归识别因素,而相关回归和线性回归检验相互关系,显著性设置为p <; 0.05。结果平均知识得分为65.8%(±23.7分),其中53.8%的学生知识水平较好。城市居民(AOR: 5.70, 95% CI: 3.01-10.80)和年龄(AOR: 8.92, 95% CI: 1.76-45.15)预测知识水平较高,而临床工作人员得分较低(AOR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02-0.15)。44.7%的卫生保健工作者存在较高的阴谋信念,其中女性更容易受到影响(AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.31-4.43),而高等教育具有保护作用(AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16-0.63)。态度两极分化(49.7%积极,50.3%消极),良好的知识(AOR: 3.90, 95% CI: 2.01-7.54)和城市居住(AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24-3.67)预测积极态度。知识与态度呈正相关(r = 0.323, p < 0.001)。结论卫生保健工作者的知识水平不高、阴谋观念普遍、态度不一,需要有针对性的培训和沟通策略。消除错误信息和加强知识,特别是在农村和临床工作人员中,对于在资源有限的环境中防范麻疹至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying factors associated with acceptance of the fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose: A multicentre cross-sectional study in Indonesia 确定与接受第四剂COVID-19疫苗相关的因素:印度尼西亚的一项多中心横断面研究
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100784
Muh. Akbar Bahar , Abd. Rafik Mohi , Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma , Dezső Csupor , Muh. Nasrum Massi

Background

Although the World Health Organization declared the end of COVID-19 as a global health emergency in May 2023, COVID-19 remains a public health concern due to continued transmission, variants, and waning immunity. However, the number of individuals who have received a complete series of COVID-19 vaccinations in developing countries, such as Indonesia, is still limited.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the acceptance of the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia.

Methods

A multicentre cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was conducted from June to September 2023 among the Indonesian population aged 18 years and older. The validated self-administered questionnaire consists of three parts: sociodemographic variables, clinical history, and domains of the Health Belief Model (perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived clinical barriers, perceived barriers to access to booster vaccination and perceived benefits of booster vaccine). Multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for independent variables associated with acceptance of the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results

Of 1850 eligible participants, only 11% had received the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The independent determinants of the acceptance of the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were as follows: age groups 26–35 years (OR: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.00–3.01), 36–45 years (OR: 2.65, 95%CI: 1.35–5.21), and over 45 years (OR: 3.68, 95%CI: 2.05–6.63); working as a healthcare worker (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.11–3.69); having a chronic disease (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.07–2.73); history of COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.12–2.41); perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09–1.57); and perceived benefits of the booster vaccine (OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.04–1.56).

Conclusion

The acceptance of the fourth COVID-19 vaccine booster in Indonesia remained low, despite substantial evidence demonstrating its effectiveness and safety, particularly in protecting vulnerable populations. Vaccine coverage could be improved by campaigns based on key determinants of acceptance such as age, chronic disease, COVID-19 infection history and perceptions of vulnerability to infection and benefits of the vaccine.
尽管世界卫生组织于2023年5月宣布COVID-19作为全球突发卫生事件结束,但由于持续传播、变异和免疫力下降,COVID-19仍然是一个公共卫生问题。然而,在印度尼西亚等发展中国家,接种了全套COVID-19疫苗的人数仍然有限。目的探讨影响印尼新冠肺炎第四剂疫苗接受度的因素。方法于2023年6月至9月对印尼18岁及以上人群采用在线问卷进行多中心横断面研究。经验证的自我管理问卷由三部分组成:社会人口学变量、临床病史和健康信念模型的领域(感知严重性、感知易感性、感知临床障碍、感知获得加强疫苗的障碍和感知加强疫苗的益处)。采用多因素logistic回归来估计与第四剂COVID-19疫苗接受度相关的自变量的调整优势比(ORs)和95%置信区间(CIs)。在1850名符合条件的参与者中,只有11%的人接种了第四剂COVID-19疫苗。接受第四剂COVID-19疫苗的独立决定因素如下:26-35岁(OR: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.00-3.01)、36-45岁(OR: 2.65, 95%CI: 1.35-5.21)和45岁以上(OR: 3.68, 95%CI: 2.05-6.63);从事卫生保健工作(OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.11-3.69);患有慢性疾病(OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.07-2.73);COVID-19感染史(OR: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.12-2.41);感知COVID-19易感性(OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57);增强疫苗的预期获益(OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.04-1.56)。结论尽管有大量证据表明第四种COVID-19疫苗增强剂的有效性和安全性,特别是在保护弱势人群方面,但印度尼西亚对该疫苗的接受程度仍然很低。可以根据年龄、慢性病、COVID-19感染史以及对感染易感性和疫苗益处的认识等决定接受程度的关键因素开展运动,提高疫苗覆盖率。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of religious affiliation and political news on parental vaccination intent during COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间宗教信仰和政治新闻对父母疫苗接种意向的影响
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100781
Jake Stevens, Kallysta Strong, Ella Madsen, Jeffrey Glenn, Erik J. Nelson

Background

In May 2021, COVID-19 vaccines became available for adolescents aged 12–15. However, safety concerns, misinformation, and politicization surrounding the vaccine left some parents hesitant to vaccinate their children. This study analyzes how media sources and religious affiliation were associated with parental COVID-19 vaccination intent.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 5552 parents in the May 2021 COVID-19 Rapid Research Response Survey of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which collected data on parental intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 just before the FDA approved the first vaccine for children aged 12–15. Parental vaccination intent was analyzed by media sources, religious affiliation, and other sociodemographic factors. We also fit a log-binomial regression model to examine the impact of media sources and religious affiliation on parental vaccination intent, controlling for sociodemographic factors.

Results

We found that, compared to parents consuming balanced media sources, parents consuming right-leaning media sources were less likely to plan to vaccinate their children [PR = 0.53 (0.47, 0.6)], while parents consuming left-leaning media sources were not significantly different from parents consuming balanced media [PR = 1.06 (0.99, 1.12)]. We also found differences in vaccination intent by religious affiliation. Compared to Christian parents, Agnostic/Atheist parents were more likely to plan to vaccinate their children [PR = 1.41 (1.35, 1.47)], as were Jewish parents [PR = 1.32 (1.22, 1.43)], and parents with no religious affiliation [(PR = 1.18 (1.14, 1.23)].

Conclusions

Our study highlights the multifaceted factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among parents of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. To create effective public health strategies for future outbreaks, it is crucial to better understand the complex interplay of religious affiliation and media bias with vaccine hesitancy.
2021年5月,为12-15岁青少年提供了COVID-19疫苗。然而,围绕疫苗的安全担忧、错误信息和政治化使得一些家长对是否给孩子接种疫苗犹豫不决。本研究分析了媒体来源和宗教信仰与父母COVID-19疫苗接种意图的关系。方法:在2021年5月2019冠状病毒病青少年大脑认知发展快速研究反应调查(ABCD)研究中,我们对5552名父母进行了横断面分析,该研究收集了父母在FDA批准首个针对12-15岁儿童的疫苗之前为孩子接种COVID-19疫苗的意向数据。通过媒体来源、宗教信仰和其他社会人口因素分析父母接种疫苗的意向。我们还拟合了一个对数二项回归模型来检验媒体来源和宗教信仰对父母接种疫苗意图的影响,控制了社会人口因素。结果我们发现,与使用平衡媒体的父母相比,使用右倾媒体的父母更不愿意为孩子接种疫苗[PR = 0.53(0.47, 0.6)],而使用左倾媒体的父母与使用平衡媒体的父母没有显著差异[PR = 1.06(0.99, 1.12)]。我们还发现不同宗教信仰在疫苗接种意向上存在差异。与基督徒父母相比,不可知论者/无神论者父母更有可能计划给孩子接种疫苗[PR = 1.41(1.35, 1.47)],犹太父母[PR = 1.32(1.22, 1.43)]和无宗教信仰的父母[PR = 1.18(1.14, 1.23)]也是如此。结论本研究揭示了新冠肺炎大流行期间影响青少年父母疫苗犹豫的多方面因素。为了为未来的疫情制定有效的公共卫生战略,必须更好地了解宗教信仰和媒体偏见与疫苗犹豫之间的复杂相互作用。
{"title":"Influence of religious affiliation and political news on parental vaccination intent during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Jake Stevens,&nbsp;Kallysta Strong,&nbsp;Ella Madsen,&nbsp;Jeffrey Glenn,&nbsp;Erik J. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In May 2021, COVID-19 vaccines became available for adolescents aged 12–15. However, safety concerns, misinformation, and politicization surrounding the vaccine left some parents hesitant to vaccinate their children. This study analyzes how media sources and religious affiliation were associated with parental COVID-19 vaccination intent.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 5552 parents in the May 2021 COVID-19 Rapid Research Response Survey of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which collected data on parental intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 just before the FDA approved the first vaccine for children aged 12–15. Parental vaccination intent was analyzed by media sources, religious affiliation, and other sociodemographic factors. We also fit a log-binomial regression model to examine the impact of media sources and religious affiliation on parental vaccination intent, controlling for sociodemographic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that, compared to parents consuming balanced media sources, parents consuming right-leaning media sources were less likely to plan to vaccinate their children [PR = 0.53 (0.47, 0.6)], while parents consuming left-leaning media sources were not significantly different from parents consuming balanced media [PR = 1.06 (0.99, 1.12)]. We also found differences in vaccination intent by religious affiliation. Compared to Christian parents, Agnostic/Atheist parents were more likely to plan to vaccinate their children [PR = 1.41 (1.35, 1.47)], as were Jewish parents [PR = 1.32 (1.22, 1.43)], and parents with no religious affiliation [(PR = 1.18 (1.14, 1.23)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the multifaceted factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among parents of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. To create effective public health strategies for future outbreaks, it is crucial to better understand the complex interplay of religious affiliation and media bias with vaccine hesitancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding divergent parental decisions: Declining pertussis vaccination during pregnancy while accepting infant immunisation - A qualitative study. 理解不同的父母的决定:减少百日咳疫苗接种在怀孕期间,同时接受婴儿免疫-一项定性研究。
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100800
Daniël C.M. Huijten , Saskia den Ambtman , Liesse M.L. Vanderhoven , Veja Widdershoven , Christian J.P.A. Hoebe , Rianne P. Reijs

Background

Pertussis vaccination during pregnancy (VdP) is around 90% effective in protecting infants against pertussis. Passive immunisation protects infants until they are old enough to receive active immunisation themselves. Over a quarter of Dutch infants participating in the National Immunisation Program have mothers who did not receive pertussis VdP. This study aimed to identify factors related to vaccination care that influenced mothers' decision not to receive the pertussis VdP, while accepting a pertussis vaccination for their infants.

Methods

Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with Dutch mothers, within six months postpartum, across four regions in the Netherlands: The Hague, Utrecht, and southern parts of the Dutch provinces Gelderland and Limburg. Interviews were analysed with the use of the Thematic Codebook Analysis method.

Results

A total of 22 participants were interviewed. The participants were diverse in age (range: 23–41) and thirteen were of Western-European origin. All participants indicated that there was not one specific reason for rejecting pertussis VdP yet accepting infant vaccination against pertussis. Their decision-making process was complex, influenced by prior experiences and pre-established views, outcome expectations, information service, trust in vaccinations and professionals, decision-making abilities, and organisational determinants.

Conclusion

Both decisions to decline the pertussis VdP and to accept infant pertussis vaccination take place within a dynamic societal context. Open conversations between pregnant women and healthcare professionals about VdP and infant vaccinations are essential to support informed decision-making. Understanding this process can help healthcare organisations tailor and personalise vaccination services, moving away from standardised procedures.
背景:在怀孕期间接种百日咳疫苗(VdP)在保护婴儿免受百日咳方面的有效性约为90%。被动免疫保护婴儿,直到他们足够大,接受主动免疫接种自己。超过四分之一参加国家免疫规划的荷兰婴儿的母亲没有接种百日咳VdP。本研究旨在确定与疫苗接种护理相关的因素,这些因素会影响母亲决定不接种百日咳VdP,而为婴儿接种百日咳疫苗。方法:对荷兰四个地区(海牙、乌得勒支、海尔德兰省和林堡省南部)产后六个月内的荷兰母亲进行半结构化深度访谈。访谈采用专题代码本分析方法进行分析。结果共访谈22人。参与者的年龄各不相同(范围:23-41岁),其中13人来自西欧。所有参与者都表示,没有一个特定的原因拒绝百日咳VdP,但接受婴儿百日咳疫苗接种。他们的决策过程很复杂,受到以往经验和预先建立的观点、结果预期、信息服务、对疫苗接种和专业人员的信任、决策能力和组织决定因素的影响。结论拒绝百日咳VdP和接受婴儿百日咳疫苗接种的决定都发生在一个动态的社会背景下。孕妇和卫生保健专业人员之间关于VdP和婴儿疫苗接种的公开对话对于支持知情决策至关重要。了解这一过程可以帮助医疗机构定制和个性化疫苗接种服务,摆脱标准化程序。
{"title":"Understanding divergent parental decisions: Declining pertussis vaccination during pregnancy while accepting infant immunisation - A qualitative study.","authors":"Daniël C.M. Huijten ,&nbsp;Saskia den Ambtman ,&nbsp;Liesse M.L. Vanderhoven ,&nbsp;Veja Widdershoven ,&nbsp;Christian J.P.A. Hoebe ,&nbsp;Rianne P. Reijs","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pertussis vaccination during pregnancy (VdP) is around 90% effective in protecting infants against pertussis. Passive immunisation protects infants until they are old enough to receive active immunisation themselves. Over a quarter of Dutch infants participating in the National Immunisation Program have mothers who did not receive pertussis VdP. This study aimed to identify factors related to vaccination care that influenced mothers' decision not to receive the pertussis VdP, while accepting a pertussis vaccination for their infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with Dutch mothers, within six months postpartum, across four regions in the Netherlands: The Hague, Utrecht, and southern parts of the Dutch provinces Gelderland and Limburg. Interviews were analysed with the use of the Thematic Codebook Analysis method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 22 participants were interviewed. The participants were diverse in age (range: 23–41) and thirteen were of Western-European origin. All participants indicated that there was not one specific reason for rejecting pertussis VdP yet accepting infant vaccination against pertussis. Their decision-making process was complex, influenced by prior experiences and pre-established views, outcome expectations, information service, trust in vaccinations and professionals, decision-making abilities, and organisational determinants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both decisions to decline the pertussis VdP and to accept infant pertussis vaccination take place within a dynamic societal context. Open conversations between pregnant women and healthcare professionals about VdP and infant vaccinations are essential to support informed decision-making. Understanding this process can help healthcare organisations tailor and personalise vaccination services, moving away from standardised procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The projected cost-effectiveness and budget impact of alternative HPV vaccines in Senegal: A modeling study 塞内加尔替代性人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的预计成本效益和预算影响:一项模型研究
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100792
Oumaima Laraj , Maryam Diarra , Cheikh Talla , Rokhaya Diop , Ousseynou Badiane , Karell Pelle , Amira Kebir , Slimane BenMiled , Cheikh Loucoubar

Background:

Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Senegal. In 2018, with support from Gavi, Senegal introduced HPV vaccination into its immunization program using a two-dose Gardasil-4 schedule for 9-year-old girls. As Senegal approaches transition from Gavi support, full vaccine procurement costs will shift to the government, necessitating evidence-based decisions on the most cost-effective vaccination strategies. This study evaluates the health and economic value of alternative HPV vaccination options to inform sustainable and equitable policy.

Methods:

A static cohort model assessed the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of 23 HPV vaccination strategies varying by vaccine type (Gardasil-4, Gardasil-9, Cervarix, Cecolin), dose number (one versus two), and coverage level (current, 70%, WHO target). Health and cost outcomes were simulated for 9-year-old girls vaccinated annually from 2019 to 2034. Outcomes included cervical cancer cases, deaths, and DALYs averted. Costs were evaluated from a government perspective in 2022 USD, applying a 3% discount rate. Input parameters were from GLOBOCAN 2020, literature, and national data. Sensitivity analyses explored uncertainty around key assumptions.

Results:

All HPV vaccination strategies were cost-effective under a willingness-to-pay threshold of 30% of GDP per capita (USD 450 per DALY averted). Cecolin-based strategies, particularly one-dose schedules with expanded coverage, yielded the most favorable cost-effectiveness ratios. Gardasil-9 offered the greatest health benefits (up to 112,866 DALYs averted) but required higher programmatic investments, limiting cost-effectiveness unless prices decreased. Five strategies, mainly Cecolin and one-dose Gardasil-9, were efficient under national thresholds. At lower thresholds, such as 7% of GDP per capita (USD 100), one-dose Cecolin with 90% coverage was optimal.

Conclusion:

HPV vaccination in Senegal is highly cost-effective. Cecolin one-dose strategies offer a scalable, affordable approach post-Gavi transition, while Gardasil-9 is viable only with price reductions. Aligning vaccine choice with cost-effectiveness and feasibility is essential for long-term sustainability and equitable health outcomes.
背景:宫颈癌仍然是塞内加尔妇女发病和死亡的主要原因。2018年,在全球疫苗和免疫联盟的支持下,塞内加尔在其免疫规划中引入了HPV疫苗接种,为9岁女孩使用两剂Gardasil-4时间表。随着塞内加尔即将从全球疫苗免疫联盟的支持中过渡,疫苗采购的全部费用将由政府承担,因此需要就最具成本效益的疫苗接种战略作出循证决策。本研究评估替代性HPV疫苗接种方案的健康和经济价值,为可持续和公平的政策提供信息。方法:一个静态队列模型评估了23种HPV疫苗接种策略的成本效益和预算影响,这些策略根据疫苗类型(Gardasil-4、Gardasil-9、Cervarix、Cecolin)、剂量(1对2)和覆盖水平(目前为70%,世卫组织目标)而变化。对2019年至2034年每年接种疫苗的9岁女孩的健康和成本结果进行了模拟。结果包括宫颈癌病例、死亡和避免的伤残调整年。从政府角度评估成本,以2022年美元计算,贴现率为3%。输入参数来自GLOBOCAN 2020、文献和国家数据。敏感性分析探讨了围绕关键假设的不确定性。结果:所有HPV疫苗接种策略在人均GDP的30%(每避免DALY 450美元)的支付意愿阈值下均具有成本效益。以cecolin为基础的战略,特别是扩大覆盖范围的单剂量计划,产生了最有利的成本效益比。Gardasil-9提供了最大的健康效益(避免了多达112,866 DALYs),但需要更高的规划投资,限制了成本效益,除非价格下降。五种策略,主要是Cecolin和一剂Gardasil-9,在国家阈值下有效。在较低的阈值,如人均GDP的7%(100美元),覆盖率为90%的一剂Cecolin是最佳的。结论:在塞内加尔接种HPV疫苗具有很高的成本效益。Cecolin单剂策略提供了一种可扩展的、负担得起的方法,在gavi过渡后,而Gardasil-9只有在降价后才可行。使疫苗选择与成本效益和可行性保持一致对于长期可持续性和公平的卫生结果至关重要。
{"title":"The projected cost-effectiveness and budget impact of alternative HPV vaccines in Senegal: A modeling study","authors":"Oumaima Laraj ,&nbsp;Maryam Diarra ,&nbsp;Cheikh Talla ,&nbsp;Rokhaya Diop ,&nbsp;Ousseynou Badiane ,&nbsp;Karell Pelle ,&nbsp;Amira Kebir ,&nbsp;Slimane BenMiled ,&nbsp;Cheikh Loucoubar","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><div>Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Senegal. In 2018, with support from Gavi, Senegal introduced HPV vaccination into its immunization program using a two-dose Gardasil-4 schedule for 9-year-old girls. As Senegal approaches transition from Gavi support, full vaccine procurement costs will shift to the government, necessitating evidence-based decisions on the most cost-effective vaccination strategies. This study evaluates the health and economic value of alternative HPV vaccination options to inform sustainable and equitable policy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><div>A static cohort model assessed the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of 23 HPV vaccination strategies varying by vaccine type (Gardasil-4, Gardasil-9, Cervarix, Cecolin), dose number (one versus two), and coverage level (current, 70%, WHO target). Health and cost outcomes were simulated for 9-year-old girls vaccinated annually from 2019 to 2034. Outcomes included cervical cancer cases, deaths, and DALYs averted. Costs were evaluated from a government perspective in 2022 USD, applying a 3% discount rate. Input parameters were from GLOBOCAN 2020, literature, and national data. Sensitivity analyses explored uncertainty around key assumptions.</div></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><div>All HPV vaccination strategies were cost-effective under a willingness-to-pay threshold of 30% of GDP per capita (USD 450 per DALY averted). Cecolin-based strategies, particularly one-dose schedules with expanded coverage, yielded the most favorable cost-effectiveness ratios. Gardasil-9 offered the greatest health benefits (up to 112,866 DALYs averted) but required higher programmatic investments, limiting cost-effectiveness unless prices decreased. Five strategies, mainly Cecolin and one-dose Gardasil-9, were efficient under national thresholds. At lower thresholds, such as 7% of GDP per capita (USD 100), one-dose Cecolin with 90% coverage was optimal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><div>HPV vaccination in Senegal is highly cost-effective. Cecolin one-dose strategies offer a scalable, affordable approach post-Gavi transition, while Gardasil-9 is viable only with price reductions. Aligning vaccine choice with cost-effectiveness and feasibility is essential for long-term sustainability and equitable health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptation of electrospinning and electrospraying for the development of novel live virus vaccine formulations 电纺丝和电喷涂技术在新型病毒活疫苗配方开发中的应用
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100793
Edit Hirsch , Bettina Fazekas , Orsolya Péterfi , Lajos Madarász , György Marosi , Csenge Hanna Tolnai , Petra Forgách , András Marosi
Despite a growing interest in alternative vaccination routes, there are challenges in formulation that limit efficiency of oral or pulmonary vaccines, especially in livestock animals. Electrospinning (ES) and electrospraying offer gentle drying at room temperature, making them suitable for the formulation of biopharmaceuticals, including live virus particles. In this study, first a polyvinyl pirrolydone (PVPVA64)-based matrix system was developed and evaluated for product morphology and downstream processability to adapt the technology for virus carriage. The optimal concentration of the aqueous polymer solution was 45% for oral administration (resulting in nanofibers), and 30% for aerogenic delivery (producing nanoparticles). An automated AI tool, based on machine vision, was established for the control of particle size distribution. The study continued with the integration of three different (enveloped and non-enveloped) viruses into electrospun nanofibers, using a high-speed ES setup. PVPVA64 and polyvinyl alcohol with polyethylene oxide (PVA-PEO) were chosen as biocompatible matrix polymers, supplemented with mannitol or sucrose excipients. After optimization of the environmental conditions, changes of viral infectious titers upon production and storage were analyzed, comparing the different polymer-stabilizer combinations used. While notable variance was detected between the results of different viruses, sucrose was overall more effective in the protection of viral infectivity at the initial stage (the ES process), while mannitol had a superior protective effect during later storage. PVPVA64 supplemented with mannitol was the best combination regarding all-round stability of virus-loaded nanofibers. Using the same matrix (PVPVA64-mannitol), electrosprayed nanoparticles were also constructed to encapsulate the porcine coronavirus TGEV, where viral titers showed even higher long-term stability than in nanofibers. Our results prove the high potential of ES and electrospraying for the dry formulation of viruses. With further research, these technologies might open up new possibilities in vaccination against viral diseases of animals and humans.
尽管人们对替代疫苗接种途径越来越感兴趣,但在配方方面存在挑战,限制了口服或肺部疫苗的效率,特别是在牲畜中。静电纺丝(ES)和电喷雾在室温下提供温和的干燥,使它们适用于生物制药的配方,包括活病毒颗粒。在这项研究中,首先开发了一种基于聚氯乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPVA64)的基质系统,并对其产品形态和下游加工能力进行了评估,以适应病毒载体技术。聚合物水溶液的最佳口服浓度为45%(产生纳米纤维),气致给药浓度为30%(产生纳米颗粒)。建立了一种基于机器视觉的自动化人工智能工具,用于粒度分布的控制。该研究继续使用高速ES装置将三种不同的(包膜和非包膜)病毒整合到电纺丝纳米纤维中。选择PVPVA64和聚环氧乙烷聚乙烯醇(PVA-PEO)作为生物相容性基质聚合物,并辅以甘露醇或蔗糖辅料。通过对环境条件的优化,分析了生产和储存过程中病毒感染滴度的变化,比较了不同聚合物稳定剂组合的使用情况。虽然不同病毒的结果之间存在显著差异,但总体而言,蔗糖在初始阶段(ES过程)对病毒传染性的保护更有效,而甘露醇在后期储存中具有更好的保护作用。PVPVA64添加甘露醇对载病毒纳米纤维的全方位稳定性影响最大。使用相同的基质(pvpva64 -甘露醇),还构建了电喷涂纳米颗粒来封装猪冠状病毒TGEV,其中的病毒滴度比纳米纤维表现出更高的长期稳定性。我们的研究结果证明了ES和电喷雾技术在病毒干燥制剂中的巨大潜力。随着进一步的研究,这些技术可能为动物和人类病毒性疾病的疫苗接种开辟新的可能性。
{"title":"Adaptation of electrospinning and electrospraying for the development of novel live virus vaccine formulations","authors":"Edit Hirsch ,&nbsp;Bettina Fazekas ,&nbsp;Orsolya Péterfi ,&nbsp;Lajos Madarász ,&nbsp;György Marosi ,&nbsp;Csenge Hanna Tolnai ,&nbsp;Petra Forgách ,&nbsp;András Marosi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite a growing interest in alternative vaccination routes, there are challenges in formulation that limit efficiency of oral or pulmonary vaccines, especially in livestock animals. Electrospinning (ES) and electrospraying offer gentle drying at room temperature, making them suitable for the formulation of biopharmaceuticals, including live virus particles. In this study, first a polyvinyl pirrolydone (PVPVA64)-based matrix system was developed and evaluated for product morphology and downstream processability to adapt the technology for virus carriage. The optimal concentration of the aqueous polymer solution was 45% for oral administration (resulting in nanofibers), and 30% for aerogenic delivery (producing nanoparticles). An automated AI tool, based on machine vision, was established for the control of particle size distribution. The study continued with the integration of three different (enveloped and non-enveloped) viruses into electrospun nanofibers, using a high-speed ES setup. PVPVA64 and polyvinyl alcohol with polyethylene oxide (PVA-PEO) were chosen as biocompatible matrix polymers, supplemented with mannitol or sucrose excipients. After optimization of the environmental conditions, changes of viral infectious titers upon production and storage were analyzed, comparing the different polymer-stabilizer combinations used. While notable variance was detected between the results of different viruses, sucrose was overall more effective in the protection of viral infectivity at the initial stage (the ES process), while mannitol had a superior protective effect during later storage. PVPVA64 supplemented with mannitol was the best combination regarding all-round stability of virus-loaded nanofibers. Using the same matrix (PVPVA64-mannitol), electrosprayed nanoparticles were also constructed to encapsulate the porcine coronavirus TGEV, where viral titers showed even higher long-term stability than in nanofibers. Our results prove the high potential of ES and electrospraying for the dry formulation of viruses. With further research, these technologies might open up new possibilities in vaccination against viral diseases of animals and humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preparturient sow vaccination with a rIdeSsuis derivative: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy against Streptococcus suis serotype 14 猪链球菌衍生物预备性母猪接种:对猪链球菌血清14型的免疫原性和保护作用
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100794
Carolin Liedel , Leonie Mayer , Christine Weiße , Haukur L. Sigmarsson , Iris Völker , Christoph G. Baums , Karoline Rieckmann
Streptococcus (S.) suis is an important causative agent of arthritis, meningitis and septicemia affecting pigs of different age groups, including suckling piglets. Accordingly, early protection of piglets against this pathogen is highly relevant. Vaccination of piglets with the recombinant IgM degrading enzyme of S. suis, IdeSsuis, confers protection against mortality in weaning piglets experimentally challenged with serotypes (cps) 2 and 14 of sequence type 1 or 9 of sequence types 50 and 94. The aim of this study was to determine immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the offspring of sows prime-boost vaccinated with a recombinant variant of IdeSsuis formulated with the adjuvant Montanide ISA 25. Sows were vaccinated 5 and 2 weeks prior to farrowing and developed high levels of serum and colostrum α-IdeSsuis IgG antibodies, which were shown to neutralize the IgM cleaving activity of IdeSsuis. Piglets suckled by immunized sows had significantly higher specific α-IdeSsuis IgG antibody levels compared to control piglets until the 11th week of life. Differentiation of IgG1 and IgG2 levels revealed that α-IdeSsuis IgG2 levels in 2-week-old suckling piglets of vaccinated sows were comparable to respective levels of prime-boost-boost vaccinated weaning piglets using a formulation with the adjuvant Emulsigen, whereas α-IdeSsuis IgG1 were lower in suckling piglets. Results of the intranasal challenge experiment suggested protection against morbidity in the 4th week of life against S. suis cps14, in agreement with results of bactericidal assays. In conclusion, this study further confirms IdeSsuis as a promising antigen for vaccination of sows pre-farrowing to control S. suis diseases.
猪链球菌(S.)是关节炎、脑膜炎和败血症的重要病原体,影响不同年龄组的猪,包括哺乳仔猪。因此,仔猪对该病原体的早期保护是高度相关的。仔猪接种猪链球菌重组IgM降解酶(IdeSsuis),对序列1型血清型(cps) 2和14或序列50和94型血清型(cps) 9攻毒的断奶仔猪具有保护作用。本研究的目的是确定母猪接种由佐剂Montanide ISA 25配制的重组型IdeSsuis疫苗后,其后代的免疫原性和保护效果。母猪在分娩前5周和2周接种疫苗,血清和初乳α-IdeSsuis IgG抗体水平较高,可以中和IdeSsuis的IgM切割活性。免疫母猪喂养的仔猪在11周龄前特异性α-IdeSsuis IgG抗体水平显著高于对照组。IgG1和IgG2水平的分化表明,接种母猪2周龄哺乳仔猪的α-IdeSsuis IgG2水平与添加乳剂的断奶仔猪的α-IdeSsuis IgG1水平相当,而α-IdeSsuis IgG1水平较低。鼻内攻毒实验结果表明,猪链球菌cps14在出生后第4周可预防发病,这与杀菌实验结果一致。综上所述,本研究进一步证实了IdeSsuis是一种很有前景的抗原,可用于母猪产前疫苗接种以控制猪链球菌疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “AderVax: Factors related to the acceptance or rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine in 8 cities in Colombia for the development of an intervention” [Vaccine: X 28 (2026) 100767] “AderVax:哥伦比亚8个城市为制定干预措施而接受或拒绝COVID-19疫苗的相关因素”的勘误表[疫苗:X 28 (2026) 100767]
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100788
Laura Juliana Valderrama-Orbegozo , Laura Julieth Ramírez-Lasprilla , Diana Estefanny Arce-Leonel , Michell Rezene Tesfamariam-Ortega , David Javier Fortich-Pérez
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review of psychological factors influencing attitudes and intentions toward, and uptake of, Covid-19 vaccines in adolescents 影响青少年对Covid-19疫苗的态度、意向和接种的心理因素的系统综述
IF 2.2 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100785
Angie Pitt , Richard Amlôt , Catherine Heffernan , G. James Rubin , Louise E. Smith
Vaccination was a key measure to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic, however adolescents were less likely than adults to accept the vaccine. Low vaccine uptake reduces the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns and threatens global public health. Understanding why adolescents are hesitant to accept new vaccines is therefore crucial to support the development of novel vaccine uptake interventions. Prior reviews have included far fewer citations, excluded qualitative data orstudies after 2022 and have not mapped adolescent Covid-19 vaccine behaviour onto psychological models. This systematic review investigated psychological factors influencing attitudes and intentions toward and uptake of Covid-19 vaccines in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years globally. It mapped results onto the COM-B framework to inform future interventions. Our search identified 25,354 citations, and included 77 in this review. The quality of studies was mixed, predominantly cross-sectional in design. According to our review, key influences on adolescent Covid-19 vaccine behaviour were: i) Reflective motivation (safety concerns, perceived susceptibility to/severity of Covid-19, perceived vaccine effectiveness, ii) Social opportunity (social norms, autonomy and prosocial attitudes), iii) Psychological capability (attitude and knowledge about vaccines). Our review provides new insights into psychological factors influencing adolescent Covid-19 vaccine behaviour, and maps factors to the COM-B model of behaviour change. To improve vaccine uptake, future vaccine interventions should support adolescents to think critically about the pros and cons of vaccines and consider external influences on their decisions.
疫苗接种是应对Covid-19大流行的一项关键措施,但青少年接受疫苗的可能性低于成年人。疫苗接种率低降低了疫苗接种运动的有效性,并威胁到全球公共卫生。因此,了解青少年对接受新疫苗犹豫不决的原因对于支持开发新的疫苗摄取干预措施至关重要。之前的综述包括的引用要少得多,排除了2022年之后的定性数据或研究,也没有将青少年Covid-19疫苗行为映射到心理模型上。本系统综述调查了影响全球10至19岁青少年对Covid-19疫苗的态度、意向和接种的心理因素。它将结果映射到COM-B框架,为未来的干预措施提供信息。我们的检索确定了25,354条引用,其中77条在本综述中。研究的质量参差不齐,设计上主要是横断面的。根据我们的综述,影响青少年Covid-19疫苗行为的关键因素是:i)反思动机(安全问题、感知到的Covid-19易感性/严重程度、感知到的疫苗有效性),ii)社会机会(社会规范、自主性和亲社会态度),iii)心理能力(对疫苗的态度和知识)。我们的综述为影响青少年Covid-19疫苗行为的心理因素提供了新的见解,并将这些因素映射到行为改变的COM-B模型。为了提高疫苗的吸收率,未来的疫苗干预措施应支持青少年批判性地思考疫苗的利弊,并考虑对其决定的外部影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Vaccine: X
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