Circularity within carbon capture networks: A review of capture and utilization technologies

Abstract

The carbon circular economy, through carbon capture and utilization or storage (CCUS), represents a transformative approach with the capacity to create closed loop systems where CO₂ emissions can be captured, stored or converted into value-added products, thereby reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and minimizing waste. This review comprehensively examines CCUS technologies within the context of circular economy to study their viability in a wider range. Diverse carbon sources, encompassing atmospheric, biomass and fossil-fuel derived carbon, are reviewed. Major carbon capture technologies are discussed through the dual lens of technology readiness level and economic viability. This work also extends to the review of various carbon storage options in geological formations and direct and indirect utilization routes. Moreover, carbon tax and policies favouring the implementation of CCUS into the circular economy are discussed. This study identifies diverse technological, economic, and regulatory limitations associated with CCUS and underscores the need for significant advancements to deploy these technologies at scale. To reach net-zero emissions by 2050, a portfolio approach with immediate implementation is necessary. Moreover, consolidated frameworks for assessment and monitoring, policy support, and international cooperation hold the potential to advance the adoption of this technology within a circular economy. This study provides important insights into the application of the circular economy concept into CCUS technologies to advance their large-scale deployment. Furthermore, it examines how CCUS technologies and circular economy practices can strengthen each other. As a result, this work highlights the circularisation of CCUS systems and the decarbonisation of circular economy.