Uranium recovery from Moroccan Phosphate rock for nuclear-powered desalination and water security: A review

Abstract

Morocco faces severe water scarcity, making nuclear-powered desalination a promising solution. With 50 billion tonnes of phosphate reserves containing 6.9 million tonnes of uranium, Morocco holds the largest unconventional uranium resource, offering a sustainable uranium supply. This review examines uranium recovery from wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) using solvent extraction, ion exchange, and membrane-based methods, highlighting their efficiency and applicability. The feasibility of integrating uranium recovery with Morocco's phosphate industry is assessed, emphasizing its role in supporting domestic nuclear energy production. Additionally, the study explores the economic viability of nuclear desalination, demonstrating its potential to ensure long-term water and energy security. Policy and regulatory frameworks are discussed to advance uranium recovery and nuclear desalination efforts. Findings suggest that leveraging phosphate-derived uranium could position Morocco as a key player in the global nuclear fuel cycle while reinforcing sustainable water management.