Chemical perspectives on synthesis, functionalization, artificial intelligence, and energy storage applications of layered double hydroxides-based nanomaterials: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The growing need for sustainable energy solutions to address climate change and power shortages in developing regions has intensified the focus on advanced energy storage technologies, including batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have garnered significant attention as high-performance two-dimensional nanostructures exhibiting exceptional electrochemical properties. This review rigorously analyzes the cutting-edge improvements in modification tactics for LDHs and their significant influence on the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices. Key modification approaches, including exfoliation, surface vacancy engineering, intercalation, composition management, phase transformation, and doping with highly conductive materials, are examined for their impact on improving structural properties and charge storage capacities. The paper also examines the application of LDH in diverse energy storage devices, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, lithium‑sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, metal-air batteries, photo-assisted rechargeable batteries, and chlorine ion batteries. Future research prospects for LDH are specified, including integrating artificial intelligence support. This comprehensive review of the structure, properties, and problems of LDH in energy storage intends to complete the existing gaps in the current literature and assist as a significant resource for researchers and industry experts.