Single-step fabrication of high-performance chlorinated polyethylene /CuO nanocomposites for energy storage applications

Abstract

The development of flexible dielectric materials with superior energy storage capabilities is essential for electronic applications and the next generation electric power systems. This study employed a one-step two-roll mill mixing technique to fabricate chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) nanocomposites reinforced with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, specifically engineered for energy storage applications. UV–visible spectroscopy indicated a redshift in absorbance, with the nanocomposite containing 7 wt% CuO displaying the highest refractive index and the lowest optical bandgap energy. FTIR analysis confirmed the bonding interactions between CuO and CPE while XRD verified the presence of crystalline CuO phase. FE-SEM and HR-TEM images demonstrated a uniform surface morphology and homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion of CuO nanoparticles at a 7 wt% loading, while agglomeration became apparent at higher concentrations. Thermal analysis using DSC and TGA revealed enhanced glass transition temperature and thermal stability upon incorporation of nanoparticles. The AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and modulus of the nanocomposites were evaluated across varying temperatures and frequencies, showing a consistent increase with rising nanofiller content. These properties reached their peak at 7 wt% CuO loading, where AC conductivity and dielectric constant values were approximately 13.4 and 3 times higher, respectively than those of pristine CPE. Additionally, mechanical properties were also significantly improved with CuO reinforcement. The nanocomposite containing 7 wt% CuO exhibited outstanding mechanical performance, with tensile strength increasing by 106.7 %, impact strength by 48.9 %, and hardness by 15.6 %. These results underscore the potential of CPE/CuO nanocomposites as advanced electroactive materials for future energy storage applications.