Advances and applications of metal–organic framework/molecularly imprinted polymer (MOF/MIP) for fluorescence detection

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess a high affinity and a specific recognition ability towards target molecules. They also feature straightforward synthesis, low cost, and remarkable stability. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), when serving as the substrate of MIPs, exhibit properties such as high porosity, a large surface area, and simplicity in preparation and modification. By integrating the advantages of these two materials, MOF/MIP composites present a high specific surface area, excellent selectivity and sensitivity, a satisfactory mass-transfer rate, and robust stability. As a result, they have garnered significant attention in the field of fluorescence detection. In this review, the construction, synthesis, and characterization of MOF/MIP have been discussed. Then, the MOF/MIP fluorescence sensors are divided into five types based on different nanomaterials as signaling units for the first time, providing a clear categorization system. Next, the sensing mechanisms of MOF/MIP are also thoroughly analyzed, revealing principles enabling these sensors to detect target substances. Additionally, an overview of recent advances has been provided. And the advances in smartphone-assisted MOF/MIP fluorescence sensors have been highlighted, demonstrating the integration of modern mobile technology with MOF/MIP sensors. Lastly, rational guidelines to improve MOF/MIP fluorescence sensors in synthesis and applications have been proposed, aiming to promote further research and development in this area.