Sparks to synthesis: A roadmap to feasible ammonia production via plasma catalysis

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119802

Lance Kosca , Mozah Almatrooshi , Kaisar Ahmad , Swati Singh , Marko Gacesa , Kyriaki Polychronopoulou

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Abstract

Ammonia production is vital for global food security, supporting agriculture for approximately 70% of the world’s population. However, the conventional Haber-Bosch process is energy-intensive, fossil fuel-dependent, and responsible for 1–2% of global greenhouse gas emissions, limiting accessibility, particularly in developing nations. Plasma catalysis offers a promising alternative to electrifying decentralized, small-scale ammonia production with better integration into renewable energy systems. In addition to different methods of utilizing plasma for ammonia synthesis, this review examines recent kinetic and computational insights and laboratory-scale advancements in plasma catalysis allowing it to surpass conventional thermodynamic limitations and operate under significantly milder conditions than conventional Haber-Bosch with unconventional catalysts. It also discusses challenges in plasma catalysis related to energy efficiency, catalyst compatibility, and economic feasibility, stemming from the need to better understand nitrogen and hydrogen activity in nonthermal plasmas. These challenges provide key research directions and a roadmap towards feasible plasma catalysis for ammonia synthesis.

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火花合成：通过等离子体催化可行的氨生产路线图

氨生产对全球粮食安全至关重要，支持着全球约70%人口的农业生产。然而，传统的Haber-Bosch工艺是能源密集型的，依赖化石燃料，占全球温室气体排放量的1-2%，限制了可获得性，特别是在发展中国家。等离子体催化为分散的、小规模的氨生产提供了一个有前途的替代方案，可以更好地整合到可再生能源系统中。除了利用等离子体进行氨合成的不同方法外，本文还回顾了等离子体催化的最新动力学和计算见解以及实验室规模的进展，使其超越了传统的热力学限制，并且在比传统的Haber-Bosch催化剂更温和的条件下运行。由于需要更好地了解非热等离子体中氮和氢的活性，本文还讨论了等离子体催化中与能源效率、催化剂相容性和经济可行性相关的挑战。这些挑战提供了关键的研究方向和可行的等离子体催化合成氨的路线图。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy Conversion and Management 工程技术-力学

CiteScore

19.00

自引率

11.50%

发文量

1304

审稿时长

17 days

期刊介绍： The journal Energy Conversion and Management provides a forum for publishing original contributions and comprehensive technical review articles of interdisciplinary and original research on all important energy topics. The topics considered include energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management and sustainability. These topics typically involve various types of energy such as mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic and electric. These energy types cover all known energy resources, including renewable resources (e.g., solar, bio, hydro, wind, geothermal and ocean energy), fossil fuels and nuclear resources.