Synthetic coalification of microalgae through hydrothermal carbonization: strategies for enhanced hydrochar characteristics and technological advancements

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Bioresource Technology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132542

Joydeepa Taran , Rajarshi Bhar , Hema Jha , Saikat Kumar Kuila , Biswajit Samal , Ranjan Pradhan , Brajesh Kumar Dubey

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Abstract

This review explores the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of microalgae through a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of process parameters on the resultant products. The findings revealed that HTC of microalgae takes place at lower temperatures (170 – 250 °C) compared to lignocellulosic feedstocks, and the resulting hydrochar and hydrolysate have a higher N-content. Additionally, secondary char production varies based on reaction conditions, with yields between 4 % and 35 %. The interaction between carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds in the hydrolysate at varying reaction severities was discussed, underlining the extent of nitrogen fixation in the hydrochar and total organic C-content of up to 26.8 g L^-1. The article also suggests strategies to improve hydrochar properties by assessing different technical strategies and emphasizing future direction research. In summary, this review underscores the potential of microalgal HTC as a sustainable approach for applications in energy and environmental applications via process optimization and technological upgradation.

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微藻水热炭化合成煤化：提高烃类特性的策略及技术进步

通过对工艺参数对产物影响的综合评价，对微藻的水热炭化工艺进行了研究。研究结果表明，与木质纤维素原料相比，微藻的HTC在较低的温度（170 - 250°C）下进行，所得的水合物和水解产物具有更高的n含量。此外，二次炭的产量根据反应条件而变化，产率在4%到35%之间。讨论了不同反应强度下水解产物中碳水化合物和含氮化合物之间的相互作用，强调了碳氢化合物中的固氮程度和总有机碳含量高达26.8 g L-1。通过对不同技术策略的评价，提出了改善烃类性质的策略，并强调了未来的研究方向。综上所述，本综述强调了微藻HTC作为一种通过工艺优化和技术升级在能源和环境方面应用的可持续途径的潜力。

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来源期刊

Bioresource Technology 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

19.30%

发文量

2013

审稿时长

12 days

期刊介绍： Bioresource Technology publishes original articles, review articles, case studies, and short communications covering the fundamentals, applications, and management of bioresource technology. The journal seeks to advance and disseminate knowledge across various areas related to biomass, biological waste treatment, bioenergy, biotransformations, bioresource systems analysis, and associated conversion or production technologies. Topics include: • Biofuels: liquid and gaseous biofuels production, modeling and economics • Bioprocesses and bioproducts: biocatalysis and fermentations • Biomass and feedstocks utilization: bioconversion of agro-industrial residues • Environmental protection: biological waste treatment • Thermochemical conversion of biomass: combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, catalysis.